Last saved by: Hanin Aljarallah

I) Multiple choice questions 

1. Research aligned with this worldview focuses on asymmetrical power relationships and inequities, while linking political and social action to confront social oppression at all levels.
a. postpositivism
b. constructivism
c. transformative
d. pragmatism

2. Which of the following is true of a pragmatic research approach?
a. Researchers look for complexity of views related to how individuals construct meaning.
b. The focus is on answering philosophical questions.
c. Sensitivity to individual power structures is paramount.
d. Truth is what works at the time and all available approaches to understand the problem can be used.

3. Which of the following is the main focus of constructivism?
a. participant’s views of a situation
b. determining proper research methods
c. finding the truth
d. cause and effect

4. Which of the following is not a characteristic of post-positivist research?
a. reductionism
b. a set of logically related steps
c. belief in multiple perspectives
d. focus on objective meanings

5. Which of the following represents a quantitative research design?
a. narrative research
b. survey research
c. ethnography
d. phenomenological research

6. When conducting a literature review, how many sources should you have during an initial search?
a. 10
b. 30
c. 50
d. 70

7. Which type of literature should be prioritized when you are beginning your study and want to establish a broad synthesis of the literature?
a. journal articles
b. encyclopedias
c. conference papers
d. books

8. Which type of literature varies the most in quality and should be lower in priority?
a. conference papers
b. research monographs
c. encyclopedias
d. dissertations

9. Which suggestion is useful tip when designing a visual literature map?
a. Include citations to provide evidence of major concepts.
b. Avoid using circles or flowcharts for clarity.
c. Include at least 75 studies.
d. Focus only on quantitative research articles.

10. What is an alternate name for an independent variable?
a. criterion variable
b. treatment variable
c. moderating variable
d. control variable

11. Identify the independent variable in a quantitative study studying the effects of a GRE preparation course on GRE scores for Black and Latino male and female students.
a. race/ethnicity
b. GRE score
c. GRE preparation course
d. sex/gender

12. Identify the dependent variable in a quantitative study studying the effects of a GRE preparation course on GRE scores for Black and Latino male and female students.
a. race/ethnicity
b. GRE score
c. GRE preparation course
d. sex/gender

13. Which theoretical perspective would be most appropriate for studying the experiences of migrant farm workers in the United States?
a. feminist perspectives
b. queer theory
c. racialized discourses
d. disability theories

14. Identify the possible mediating variable in a quantitative study exploring the effects of pre-college advising for high school seniors.
a. presence of high school counselor
b. participant gender
c. participant socioeconomic status
d. participant race/ethnicity

2) True/False

1. A researcher’s background, ideas, and experiences become central to the research process in both qualitative and quantitative research.

2. Qualitative research develops theory, while quantitative research tests theory.

3. The experience of homelessness would be a great topic to study using a phenomenological research design.

4. Exploratory sequential mixed methods uses broad quantitative data in the initial phase to then explore the views of the participants in the second phase.

5. Postpositive research is also known as the scientific method.

6. Literature reviews are typically shorter for a research proposal, approximately 20–30 pages in length.

7. Conference papers and proceedings are not appropriate sources of literature for a literature review.
8. The Chicago Manual of Style is the most popular style manual used in field of education and psychology.

9. When abstracting a study, you should identify the methodological and technical strengths and weaknesses.

10. Quantitative studies should incorporate a review of the literature at the beginning of the study to provide direction for the research study; whereas qualitative studies should incorporate a review of the literature at the end to compare and contrast with the themes and categories of the study.

11. Definition of terms appear in qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods proposals to ensure the researcher’s precision of meaning.

12. Marxism is an example of a theoretical perspective that could be used in qualitative research.

13. A priori theoretical perspectives are used in both qualitative and quantitative studies.

14. Micro-level theories provide theories that are bounded by time, place, and participant groups.

15. A moderating variable does not affect the strength of the relationship between an independent and dependent variable.
16. A visual diagram of research hypotheses must be included in quantitative reports.

3) Short answer questions
1. Creswell (2017) advances 3 research approaches. Identify the 3 approaches and briefly explain how to distinguish them from each other.

2. Identify the three components do researchers need to think about in planning a study and provide an example of each component.

3. Under which conditions might a qualitative research approach be more useful than a quantitative approach?

4. Why should researchers draft a working title early in the development of their projects?

5. Creswell (2018) argues that the question is not can a research topic be researched, but should a research topic be researched. Assess and explain why and how a topic for research is chosen: How does the researcher understand if the topic can and should be researched?

6. In your own words, articulate the purpose of the review of literature and the forms that it can take?

7. Describe the 7 steps in conducting a literature review.

8. Describe the different ways in which qualitative researchers may use and place theories in their research.

9. Provide an example of a quantitative study you might design, indicating the research topic, the independent variable, and the dependent variable.

10. Explain how a transformative framework is used for theory in mixed methods research.