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Assignment Task
Task1 –Written Task Using at least three academic sources, explain crime and the different definitions (maximum/notional 500words) (25marks) (LOs:3)
According to the law, crime has been outlined by the laws whereby anyone who attempts to do on offense, the law has given an order of punishments to such criminals. Criminals are punished by the law using different criteria according to the offense committed. Crime has been outlined from various angles with their explanations by different scholars from time to time as follows; Sir William Blackstone, who is author of his own books, defines crimes in two different perspectives, one being that a crime is a behavior committed by a victim in violation of guidelines provided by the law. He also defines crime as the breakage of citizen’s duties and rights (Kotwasińska 2014).
Sergeant Stephen improved on Blackstone’s view on crime and defined crime as a contravention of rights that has undermined society. This happens in cases such as when a police officer decides to harass a citizen while other police watch this kind of incident for the purpose of gaining something in return instead of putting an end to such harassment.
Raffaele Garofalo expounds on crime in a sociological view as; crimes is a wrongful and dangerous behavior as it is considered by the citizens in a community because they happen to be the victims of a criminal act. In his view, he emphasizes that there are some acts that are not regarded as crimes in society, such as lack of gratitude, coldness, and cruel behaviors toward other people.
Edwin Sutherland gathers statistical views of crime as a criminal act where he defines crime as a criminal act that goes against the law of criminals. He clarifies that all the indiscipline cases within the society are not regarded as a crime until when it is published and done a forbidden act by the law. He goes ahead to define the criminal law as a code of laws formulated to govern all citizens and applied in uniformity to all groups where punishments are applied to those who go against the formulated principles of criminal law (Wall‐Parker 2019).
 	Cross and jones define crime as a valid law in which the state orders punishment of the breakers or offenders of crime. He outlines that until the law considers a person as a criminal for the offenses caused, they are not criminal. Cross and jones state that before the law makes judgments that the specific person is a criminal, it first passes through a string or sequence of events that guide the criminal rule, which is then appended in the code of criminal procedures. The procedural code of laws differs depending on the culture in which modern cultures comprise a significant set of laws that considers someone as a criminal.
Paul Tappan describes the crime as an intended reaction to breaking the criminal rules in which penalties are given to the offenders of the crime by the nation. This method is commonly used in places like India, which has established the use of the Indian penal code, the code of criminal procedure, and the Indian evidence acts, which are bound to implement and apply the law of criminal justice established for the reason of enforcing the criminal legal rules (Feeley 2016).
There has not been the main cause of crime reason being that crimes that are found to be legal in one country are regarded as legal in some other countries, and as time goes by, many things change according to the generation. Therefore, different crimes have various reasons regarding the cause of it and are handled differently according to the type of crime committed. There are various theories that describe the sources of crimes. They are as follows;
The social disorganization theory states that, for one to engage themselves in crimes, it is their own personal choice depending on the background of the environment whereby the crimes people engage themselves in are studied. This theory can be prevented in various ways, such as conducting inspirational speeches in the community for the sake of the youth and also using schools that intend to teach on good morals and how to live with one another in the society (Zebrowski 2011).
The rational theory is a theory that ignores that engaging in crimes is brought about by the punishments given to those who commit crimes other than awarding them. The theory implies that the judgments made on crimes are the only best way to prevent people from engaging in crimes; thus, there are factors that may be confusing such as a large number of youths may be too young to understand the consequences of committing crimes.
The labeling theory states that applying a sticker or a tag on teens has been a long-term consequence of crimes committed. It states that the use of tags on the youth may result in repeated actions on crime despite working on methods to offer new growth. There are policies that prohibit the workers from asking about criminal cases on people who may be seeking jobs (Gottfredson 2011).
The biological and biosocial theories explain that some crimes are inborn whereby a person is meant to engage in various crimes such as theft, and nothing can stop them from doing this; thus, it may be due to mental or physiological disorders that are uncontrollable.

References 
Feeley, M. M. (2016). 2014 Paul Tappan Lecture Entrepreneurs of Punishment: How Private Contractors Made and Are Remaking the Modern Criminal Justice System–An Account of Convict Transportation and Electronic Monitoring. C.C.J.L.S. Acknowledgements, 17(3), 1-30.
Gottfredson, M. R. (2011). Sanctions, situations, and agency in control theories of crime. European Journal of Criminology, 8(2), 128-143.
Kotwasińska, A. (2014). Looking for Ghostly Crimes: Cross-Pollination of Crime and Gothic Fiction in Edith Wharton’s Mr. Jones'.
Wall‐Parker, A. (2019). Measuring white-collar crime. The Handbook of White‐Collar Crime, 32-44.
Zembroski, D. (2011). Sociological theories of crime and delinquency. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 21(3), 240-254.