Instruction
44.
a. Explain what is meant by the “organizational” and “activational” effects of hormones in reproductive behavior,
b. Summarize the aromatization hypothesis of sexual differentiation of the brain and behavior. Be sure to explain the consequences of this schema for both males and females. (15 points)
45.
Discuss our current knowledge of the neural structures controlling feeding behavior. Indicate different targets (current and potential) for weight management.
(10 points)
46.
a. Describe at least four ways in which synapses may be remodeled to contribute to learning and memory storage.
b. Describe the process of long-term-potentiation (LTP). What is the role of glutamate neurotransmission (specifically, the AMPA and NMDA receptors) in this form of neural plasticity?
15 points
Extra Credit
May Answer Only One For max of 10 points
48.
Describe the Hubel and Wiesel visual deprivation studies in cats. What did these
experiments tell us about neural development?
Hunger signals converge in the ________ to activate the __________ neurons.
A)
lateral hypothalamus; CART/AGRP
B)
Arcuate Nucleus; Orexin/aMSH
C)
Arcuate Nucleus; CART/AGRP
D)
lateral hypothalamus; Orexin/aMSH
According to the Aromatization Hypothesis: Administering estrogens as well as androgens can masculinize female rat pups, but normal females are not masculinized by their own estrogen secretion because they have
A)
the müllerian duct system.
B)
the XX chromosome pattern.
C)
female gender identity.
D)
alpha-fetoprotein.
A female rat ovariectomized at birth, given estradiol during the first week of life, and then treated with estrogen followed by progesterone in adulthood, will show _______ lordosis in response to a mounting male.
A)
considerable
B)
little
C)
abnormal
D)
prolonged
2.
Hormones alter behavior _____________.
A)
by switching it on and off
B)
through a gradual fashion
C)
paracrine activity
D)
on the order of milliseconds