Respond to post with italics references

#1—Three body systems I was interested to read about that are directly impacted by chronic kidney failure include the cardiovascular, neurological, and hematologic systems. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and proteinuria are all highly prevalent in the CKD population. Moreover, factors specific to CKD include accelerated atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, prothrombotic tendency, and impaired cerebral function. According to Nayak-Rao and Shenoy (2017), cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in patients with kidney failure. The risk of cardiovascular diseases, including stroke in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is 5–30 times greater than that in the general population (Nayak-Rao & Shenoy, 2017). Dysfunction of sensory neurons within the neurologic system in patients with CKD can be attributed to fluid and electrolyte imbalances, uremic toxicity, and anemia. Neurological symptoms include headache, drowsiness, sleep disorders, impaired concentration, memory loss, and impaired judgment, and diabetic neuropathy. Due to low levels of hemoglobin it is common for patients in renal failure to experience symptoms of anemia, such as lethargy, weakness, and dizziness. Hematologic system alterations include normochromic normocytic anemia, impaired platelet function, and hypercoagulability, defective platelet aggregation, and alterations in coagulation factors and the fibrinolytic pathway (McCance & Huether, 2018). In CKD, inadequate production of erythropoietin decreases red blood cell production and leads to anemia. Anemia is a contributing factor of decreased tissue oxygenation to the kidneys which causes more hypoxic injury and the progression of CKD. When educating patients on the treatment and management of chronic renal failure, I think as a provider it is crucial to understand the significant effects the renal system has on all other body systems. #2——- Chronic renal failure has a tremendous impact on several body systems. The skeletal system is one common body system that is affected by CKD. With CKD generally comes a mineral bone disorder. It leads to skeletal bone inflammation with fibrous degeneration as a result of hyperparathyroidism. A person whose skeletal system is affected by CKD will typically have spontaneous fractures and bone pain from a calcium deficiency and imbalance of vitamin D. Another body system that is commonly affected by CKD is the cardiopulmonary system. The person typically presents with pulmonary edema along with Kussmaul respirations. This occurs due to fluid overload which is associated with pulmonary edema and metabolic acidosis which leads to the irregular respirations. The cardiovascular system is most always affected by CKD. CKD causes left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy, and ischemic heart disease. It also leads to hypertension, dysrhythmias, and atherosclerosis. When CKD begins to affect the cardiovascular system, the patient usually presents with pericarditis and a fever along with a pericardial friction rub. The cardiovascular system is affected due to the extracellular volume expansion and hypersecretion of renin. Anemia associated with CKD also increases the cardiac workload and the toxins from the lack of excretion precipitate into the pericardium leading the pericarditis (Darwish & Lui, 2019