Instruction
This exam has 10 questions. Each question is worth 10 points. The whole test is worth 100 points. Please note that though each question is worth 10 points not all questions require the same amount of work to answer them. The answers to the exam are to be submitted as a word document by midnight on Thursday, 24 September 2020. You may copy answers directly from the readings if you provide the page number of the reading. Any ideas, words or images which are not your original thoughts should be cited appropriately. Failure to cite others’ words or ideas, and or the use of another’s work, is cheating and any student who does this will receive a zero on the exam.
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1. What is meant by spirituality in the course title spirituality and nature?
2. What is meant by, what is contained in, and what is nature in the course title spirituality and nature?
3. John Muir believed that exposure to the natural world was transformative. Discuss how this theme is also present in Native American spirituality. Provide two examples of this theme in Native American spirituality and discuss each one.
4. Discuss how anthropocentrism, gaiacentrism and ecofeminism are three kinds of the same thing and identify the specific difference between each one and the others.
5. Discuss why it is true to say that Native American spirituality considers harmony with nature to be important. Explain two examples of this concept.
6. What is the most sacred “thing” to the Oglala and to the Hopi?
7. Muir believed that exposure to the natural world is transformative and healing. Explain, briefly what Muir means by that statement.
8. What, for Thoreau, was the value of contact with nature?
9. Identify and define Starhawk’s concept of bioremediation and discuss how this is aligned with ecofeminism. Please be sure to identify and define ecofeminism in your discussion.
10. What does Starhawk mean by sustainability? Identify what the mechanist model of the world is and discuss how Starhawk’s notion of sustainability contrasts with the mechanist model of the world.