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ANSWERS
1. Graph
2. The law of demand states that price and quantity demanded are inversely related, or as price rises, the quantity demanded falls. The law of supply states that price and the quantity supplied are directly related, or as price rises, the quantity supplied also rises. Equilibrium is where supply and demand intersect. (There is no surplus or shortage).
3. If the price of oil is $110 per barrel, this is below the equilibrium price of $114 per barrel, and a shortage of 4 million barrels per day will occur in the market. At $110 per barrel, QD of 21 million minus QS of 17 million = 4 million.
4. A change in the quantity supplied (QS) could occur if the price of oil increases or decreases. For example, if the price of oil in the graph increased from $114 per barrel to $125 per barrel, the quantity supplied would increase from 19 million barrels a day to 24 million barrels per day. The scenario that would cause this would be a shift of the demand curve and any scenario given that increases or decreases demand would also be correct.
5. The result of a small increase in the supply of oil would be to shift the S curve outward to the right of the S1 curve in the graph to S. More oil would be supplied at all the prices. A larger decrease in the demand for oil (larger than the increase in supply) would shift the D curve inward to the left of the D1 curve in the graph to D. Less oil will be demanded at all the prices. The new equilibrium will be at a lower price, and at a lower QD/QS than the old equilibrium of $114, and QD/QS equilibrium of 19 million barrels.
The student can increase the demand for oil by any amount as long as it is larger than the decrease in supply. An example of an increase in demand of 4 million barrels at each price and a decrease in supply of 2 million barrels at each price would look like the following graph. The new equilibrium is at $103 per barrel, and an output (QD/QS) of 23 million barrels.
ANSWERS
1. Graph
2. The law of demand states that price and quantity demanded are inversely related, or as price rises, the quantity demanded falls. The law of supply states that price and the quantity supplied are directly related, or as price rises, the quantity supplied also rises. Equilibrium is where supply and demand intersect. (There is no surplus or shortage).
3. If the price of oil is $110 per barrel, this is below the equilibrium price of $114 per barrel, and a shortage of 4 million barrels per day will occur in the market. At $110 per barrel, QD of 21 million minus QS of 17 million = 4 million.
4. A change in the quantity supplied (QS) could occur if the price of oil increases or decreases. For example, if the price of oil in the graph increased from $114 per barrel to $125 per barrel, the quantity supplied would increase from 19 million barrels a day to 24 million barrels per day. The scenario that would cause this would be a shift of the demand curve and any scenario given that increases or decreases demand would also be correct.
5. The result of a small increase in the supply of oil would be to shift the S curve outward to the right of the S1 curve in the graph to S. More oil would be supplied at all the prices. A larger decrease in the demand for oil (larger than the increase in supply) would shift the D curve inward to the left of the D1 curve in the graph to D. Less oil will be demanded at all the prices. The new equilibrium will be at a lower price, and at a lower QD/QS than the old equilibrium of $114, and QD/QS equilibrium of 19 million barrels.
The student can increase the demand for oil by any amount as long as it is larger than the decrease in supply. An example of an increase in demand of 4 million barrels at each price and a decrease in supply of 2 million barrels at each price would look like the following graph. The new equilibrium is at $103 per barrel, and an output (QD/QS) of 23 million barrels.
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