this is for my microbiology class.

Directions: Read the following paragraph and answer the questions related to autophagy. Your answer must include at least 5 bold-faced/italicized terms from each chapter we have discussed so far. It should be typed, double spaced with 12 point font and 1 inch margins. It will be graded on the level of organization and depth of thought put in to each answer. Any reference source that you use must be listed on a separate page with the title Literature Cited and in APA format. If you have questions about any of these instructions, ASK, failure to follow any of these instructions will lead to a letter grade deduction in addition to any points that are deducted for any incorrect or wrong answer. It must be submitted through Turnitin by midnight on Thursday, 10/22/20. If it is late it will be an automatic deduction of 10 points from the overall grade and 2 points per hour for each additional hour that it is late. If you need help with the questions please come see me during office hours, I will be happy to help. Autophagy is an adaptive response of the cell to unfavorable conditions that include nutrient deprivation, stress, and pathogenic infection. It is responsible for the self-degradation of cellular constituents via sequestration in an autophagasome that ultimately fuse with lysosomes for enzymatic breakdown by hydrolase enzymes. Autophagy involves a complex machinery that reacts to stress in order to maintain cell viability and homeostasis. Furthermore, it has been shown to be defective (up/down regulated) in a number of human pathologies including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and infectious disease. Based on this information answer the following questions: 1. In a clear and logical manner, explain the normal role, including the signaling cascades involved in autophagy in a normal human cell. 2. In certain types of bacterial infections, bacterial cells are able to subvert autophagy, how do they do this? Furthermore, in cases where autophagy is aberrant, how do certain types of cancer and neurodegenerative disorders arise (one example of each is sufficient. Make sure to discuss the signaling pathways involved in or affected by the specific condition).