Instruction
1. What is a between-group research design? What are the strengths and weaknesses of between-group designs? What are some ways to deal with the weaknesses? What are two examples of research in which a between-group design is necessary?
2. Suppose that the independent variable in a between-group design has an “effect.” What does this mean exactly? Under what circumstances can such an effect be interpreted in terms of “cause and effect”?
3. Explain the logic of the independent groups t-test in words. Use an online calculator for this statistical test to analyze the following data on the room temperatures of houses on the north and south sides of a street in Baltimore. Report your result in the APA way, and in words.
a. North Side Houses: 73 70 73 71 69 70 68 73
b. South Side Houses: 73 69 68 70 68 67 65 67 66
4. Explain the logic of the between-groups one-way analysis of variance in words. Use an online calculator for this statistical test to analyze the following data on the gas mileage (mpg) of three vehicles from their first six fill-ups in the year 2019. Report your results in the APA way, and in words.
a. 2005 Toyota Corolla: 25 23 28 26 25 25
b. 2004 Nissan Frontier: 19 17 20 20 19 18
c. 2016 Ford F150: 17 16 18 16 15 16
5. Look up biographical information on Sir Ronald Fisher, the originator of the analysis of variance. Describe his career and interests. How is Fisher being criticized today in the fields of statistics and the social sciences?
6. Graphing and interpreting a dose-response curve: A five-group drug experiment is conducted, in which the five groups are: (i) No-treatment Control, (ii) Placebo Control, (iii) Low Dose, (iv) Medium Dose, and (v) High Dose. (So the independent variable is Dosage). The drug under study is an analgesic to treat headache pain, and the dependent variable is Relief from Pain, on a 0 to 100 rating scale. In one trial with 80 subjects in each group, randomly assigned, the mean ratings of relief were 8, 15, 35, 50, and 65. Would an analysis of variance on these data be significant? Why or why not? How sure are you about your decision? Construct a graph to show these data. Interpret the pattern of data you see in words.