Use your own words in your responses. Your paper should be broken into 4 distinct numbered sections, with each section written in paragraph form. Do not include definitions or state how to calculate results in your paper. State your findings and conclusions in your own words. Topic (1 to 2 sentences) What is the topic for the study? Introduction (2 to 3 paragraphs) What is already known about this topic/phenomenon based on the article (you do not need to do any additional research)? What gaps in contemporary knowledge or understanding of this topic/phenomenon do the authors identify? How does the research being reported fill gaps in our knowledge/ or understanding of this topic/phenomenon? Sampling Methods (3 to 4 paragraphs) Has the population been clearly identified? What is the population they are trying to look at? How do you know? Are there different groups that are being compared? If so, what are these different groups? How was the sample selected? What methods did they use? What considerations did they take into account? How large is the sample? Did they provide their reasoning for taking a particular sample size? What are the implications of their chosen sampling method? Are the sampling methods adequately described for the reader of the article? Does it seem like the researchers made an effort to ensure their samples reflected the population they were studying? Observational Study or Experimental Design? (2 to 3 paragraphs for initial question and part A or B) Is this study describing an observational study or was there an experimental design? Explain your reasoning. If Observational Study Complete this Section Why might the researchers have chosen to do an observational study instead of an experiment? How did the researchers conduct the observational study? Did they provide reasoning for their choices? What are the implications for the inferences they made since they chose to use an observational study? Based on the information you gathered does it seem like the researchers made an effort to ensure the design of their observational study supported the question they were trying to answer? If Experimental Design Complete this Section Why might the researchers have chosen to do an experiment instead of an observational study? What type of experimental design did the researchers use? Did they provide reasoning for their choices? What are the implications for the inferences they made since they chose to use an experimental design? Based on the information you gathered does it seem like the researchers made an effort to ensure their experimental design supported the topic they were studying?