Instruction
IF YOU CANT FOLLOW DIRECTIONS PLEASE DONT WASTE MY TIME AS I AM TAKING A ENGLISH 101 COURSE AND NEED TO MAKE AN A FOR THIS CLASS.
I NEED A LASA 1: FULL SENTENCE OUTLINE AND THE SUBJECT OF MY ESSAY IS GENDER BIAS IN FAMILY COURTS. (PLEASE SEE THE EXAMPLE OF OUTLINE I HAVE ADDED HERE BEFORE YOU START WORKING ON MY ASSIGNMENT.) IN THE ATTACHMENT SECTION I HAVE ADDED THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL THAT HAS THE THESIS AND APA REFERENCES IF NEEDED.
HERE IS THE EXAMPLE OF THE LASA 1 FULL SENTENCE OUTLINE YOU ARE TOO USE AS INSTRUCTED.
INTRODUCTION PARAGRAPH
Surrogate parenting is a controversial practice in which a woman becomes pregnant and carries a child to term for another person or couple. In doing so, the woman makes the miracle of parenthood possible for people who are biologically or ethically unable to give birth. At the same time, the surrogate can earn a much-needed fee for providing her services. For these reasons, legal restrictions should not be part of this very personal and private transaction, but the United States should adopt a code of ethics pertaining to surrogacy.
SUPPORTING POINT 1
Surrogacy should not be illegal because it benefits parents who want children, but who are unable to conceive.
Problems such as infertility and genetic diseases can prohibit couples from having children; other couples may be in same-sex relationships.
Approximately one in ten women are unable to conceive children without medical intervention (Office on Womens Health, 2009).
People who are carriers of genetic diseases may wish to avoid passing these genes on to biological offspring, and may seek other methods of reproduction.
Same-sex couples can choose to use a surrogate to have a child that is genetically related to one of the couple.
SUPPORTING POINT 2
A singular code of ethics would help to alleviate confusion and potential misunderstandings due to differing guidelines from state to state.
Only Washington, DC currently bans surrogacy entirely, while five other states (AZ, IN, MI, NY, NE) have heavy restrictions on surrogacy (Hinson & McBrien, 2011).
The need for a code of ethics is demonstrated by the poorly regulated surrogacy industry in India, which disproportionately takes advantage of poor women and contributes to the countrys high maternal mortality rate (Jaiswal, 2012, p. 4).
A panel of social workers, medical professionals, lawyers, and women who have participated in gestational surrogacy could develop guidelines.
A code of ethics recognized throughout the entire U.S. would provide a common starting point for anyone interested in any aspect of surrogacy.
SUPPORTING POINT 3
Surrogacy programs in other countries have been ethical and successful when clear guidelines are in place.
In countries such as Australia, that have comprehensive but liberal guidelines regarding surrogacy, there is a positive perception of surrogacy among the general population (Constantinidis & Cook, 2012).
A highly monitored surrogacy program in the Netherlands has shown to provide a positive experience, with virtually no long-term negative outcomes, for all parents involved in surrogacy arrangements (Dermout, van de Weil, Heintz, Jansen, & Ankum, 2009).
Other countries have shown that a clear understanding of the ethical implications of surrogacy is key to making the process beneficial and non-damaging for everyone involved.
COUNTER-ARGUMENT 1
Families may not feel the same affection toward a child born to a surrogate mother.
There is a natural bond that exists between mother and child that these families would be missing.
Children may register the difference between their origin and that of more traditional families and become distant as a result.
The pregnancy period allows families to adjust to and prepare for the birth of the baby emotionally. This natural period of preparation would not be present in these families.
RESPONSE TO COUNTER-ARGUMENT 1
While the feelings of extended family members cannot be accounted for, the immediate family would not feel differently toward the child than they would toward an adopted child, a stepchild, etc.
Recent studies have shown that children born to surrogate mothers are just as well-adjusted and emotionally stable as children born typically (Glombok, Readings, Blake, Casy, & Marks, 2011).
Because surrogacy is a much more intentional and planned path to parenthood than natural conception can be, potential parents could have time to consider their emotions and feelings toward prospective children.
COUNTER-ARGUMENT 2
Surrogate mothers can be taken advantage of, because there is a higher value placed on the babys needs than on the womans.
If the United States adopts ethical guidelines for surrogacy, all parties involved would be aware of the appropriate rights and responsibilities during and after the pregnancy.
A woman would be a surrogate of her own free will, and would be able to set the terms of the relationship and the compensation before a pregnancy is started.
RESPONSE TO COUNTER-ARGUMENT 2
If the United States adopts ethical guidelines for surrogacy, all parties involved would be aware of the appropriate rights and responsibilities during and after the pregnancy.
A woman would be a surrogate of her own free will, and would be able to set the terms of the relationship and the compensation before a pregnancy is started.
CONCLUSION PARAGRAPH
As many people wait until they are nearing the end of their reproductive life to have children, it will be increasingly important for our society to understand the full benefits and implications of alternative means of assisted reproduction, such as surrogacy. It is clear that unregulated surrogacy can result in serious ethical, legal, and physical problems for those involved. However, surrogacy arrangements made with care and with the well-being of all involved at the forefront are generally beneficial to all parties. The United States should be proactive in creating a set of parameters to guide the ethical aspects of surrogacy. This will ensure that the growing surrogacy industry has a foundation of strong ethical guidelines in place to protect surrogate mothers, potential parents, and the children resulting from surrogacy arrangements.
REFERENCES LIST
Constantinidis, D., & Cook, R. (2012). Australian perspectives on surrogacy: The
influence of cognitions, psychological and demographic characteristics. Human
Reproduction, 27, 10801087.
Dermout, S., van de Weil, H., Heintz, P., Jansen, K., & Ankum, W. (2009).
Non-commercial surrogacy: An account of patient management in the first Dutch
centre for IVF surrogacy, from 1997 to 2004. Human Reproduction, 25, 443449.
Glombok, S., Readings, J., Blake, L., Casy, P., & Marks, A. (2011). Families created
through surrogacy: Mother-child relationships and childrens psychological
adjustment at age 7. Developmental Psychology, 47, 15791588.
Hinson, D., & McBrien, M. (2011). Surrogacy across America. Family Advocate, 34(2),
32.
Jaiswal, S. (2012). Commercial surrogacy in India: An ethical assessment of existing
legal scenario from the perspective of womens autonomy and reproductive rights.
Gender Technology and Development, 16, 128.
Office on Womens Health. (2009, July 1). Infertility: Frequently asked questions.
Retrieved from http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-
sheet/infertility.pdf