Instruction
bio 9.This survey course covers ecological principles and the historic and modern impact of human societies as agents of ecosystem modification. Topics covered include: ecosystem structure and function; the history of human social impact on ecosystems and on ecosystem structure; modern human societies and the short-range and projected long-range results of their activities in such areas as: population, food, and agriculture; the survival of plant and animal species; the use of metal, mineral and energy resources; and the pollution of water, air, and land.