want to contact phoniextutor..........

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User_4990 added on 10/02/15 at 01:10 PM (PST):

NAME
THESIS OR TOPIC

Thesis statement and introduction
Can we bridge the digital divide?
Can we successfully lessen the gap that the digital divide creates and make the resources of the internet more available?
Explaining the divide
What does it mean?
What groups of people are on the two distinct ends of the divide?
How are they similar? Different?
Why does the divide exist?
What defines/drives the divide
Low incomes
Disabilities
Minorities
Less developed, poor nations
Issues for the disabled
Visual disability
Hearing disability
Navigation
Two different types:
Divide within countries
Individuals, households, etc.
Can also refer to different sections of country (i.e. United States)
Divide among countries
Developed vs. Undeveloped
Limited or no access to:
Wireless internet
Mobile phones
Landlines
Kinds of access
Desktops, laptops
Mobile phones with internet access
Video game consoles
Broadband Internet/High-Speed Internet
Its not just about access
Before advances in tech, the digital divide was strictly about access
Now, the divide refers to what kind of access (especially in U.S.)
Why the divide is important
Less access, specifically less meaningful access, results in:
Fewer opportunities in:
Employment
Education
Access to health records
Social Life
Possible solutions
Lowering the cost of technology to make it more affordable
Phones, computers, internet
Better education
How to properly use technology
Increase usability on websites and applications for the disabled
Increase funding on the state level for more available technologies
Specifically, cheaper internet subscriptions
Conclusion
Can these solutions lessen the gap brought on by the digital divide?
Are they feasible?



Works Cited

Clarke, Alan, et al. "Bridging the Digital Divide." Adults Learning 20.3 (2008): 20-2. Web.
"Globalization and the Digital Divide." Choice Reviews Online 50.1 (2012): 0320-. Web.
Modarres, Ali. "Beyond the Digital Divide." National Civic Review 100.3 (2011): 4-7. Web.
Purnell, B. A. "The Digital Divide." Science 326.5956 (2009): 1043-. Web.




User_4990 added on 10/02/15 at 01:11 PM (PST):

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The Process of Writing a Paper

Part 1: Why a paper or project?
One of the prime objectives for is that each student become a mini-expert in a particular legal, ethical, or social issues in computing. This handout focuses on the paper.

As the course description states, the purposes of this paper are to:
enable the student to pursue independently a subject of interest related to course material
encourage the student to read primary and secondary documents in the field
develop a bibliography, including but not limited to electronic sources, for other members of the class

Academic research such as this is a three-step process:
finding the relevant information
assessing the quality of that information
using that information either to try to conclude something, to uncover something, to prove something, or to argue something


Part 2: Writing a Paper Right

Working with a topic
As you read and learn more about it, you will likely refine your topic. The topic should be narrow enough to be developed well in a 12-15 page paper, and not so broad that entire books are written about it. Actively consider what approach or focus you want to take, and consult with the instructor about this.

Thesis Statement
You initially select a topic and have it approved. As you read and learn more about your topic, you will need to develop a thesis statement or question, a single sentence that includes both your topic and what you will prove or argue in your paper. The thesis statement may evolve as you work and learn.

Listed below are several topics (underlined), each followed by one or more possible thesis statements (bullets).
RFIDs
do the advantages of RFIDs outweigh the privacy concerns?
Web access for the blind
although the use of such a visual medium seems improbable, the internet is rapidly evolving into a tool of liberation for the blind
biometrics
facial recognition: invasion of privacy or protection of privacy?
data privacy and security at universities
universities must consider the importance of data security and privacy, and cannot discount the possibility of catastrophic data breaches

public records online
how can personal information be removed before public records are electronically posted?
online anonymity
do the dangers of anonymity online outweigh the potential privacy it enables?

Building a bibliography
A bibliography should have sources from several types of media, including books, journals, and the Internet. Sources available only on the Internet (e.g., fact sheets from Privacy Rights Clearinghouse) complement "traditional" sources but should not replace these. Many paper journals (e.g., those of the ACM) are also available electronically. Consider the authority, accuracy, and timeliness of each source. Start by locating appropriate peer-reviewed or scholarly sources, whether on paper or electronic.

One good way to build up a bibliography is to find one really good source, then follow up on the sources it references.

Taking Notes
Taking notes from each source is important. The notes can be hand-written on index cards or word-processed. Notes should include the source, including title and page number of the reference; this assumes that additional information can be located from the title. Eventually you will need to "tag" each note card with a key word or phrase or subtopic associated with it to facilitate organization of your material. If at the time of note-taking, you know pretty much what a card will be used for, you can tag it then. Technique of the notes can vary, including summary, paraphrase, or exact quotation.

In preparation for writing the paper, you can organize the notes according to the steps of an outline, OR you can prepare an outline from the notes by sorting or organizing the notes into piles, and then repeating the process on each pile. Careful note-taking reminds you of the work of others and helps you avoid plagiarism by citing the work of others, and citing it correctly.

Sample Paper in MLA Format
http://www.dianahacker.com/pdfs/Hacker-Daly-MLA.pdf

MLA Format for Bibliography
Use Summons feature that enables marking sources, exporting the source list to RefWorks, and creating a bibliography.

A very helpful tool that transforms your information about a source into an MLA bibliography entry is www.citationmachine.net. Begin by selecting MLA format. This site is especially helpful for formatting Web sources that are NOT from online databases like Proquest and Lexis-Nexis.

Citing Sources and Plagiarism
Of its very nature, a research paper builds on the thoughts and work of others. It is appropriate to use the work of others but only with proper attribution to its source.

The sixth edition of the MLA Handbook states that "forms of plagiarism include the failure to give appropriate acknowledgment
while repeating or paraphrasing another's wording,
when taking a particularly apt phrase, and
when paraphrasing another's argument, or presenting another's line of thinking (71).

Do NOT cite common knowledge.

DO cite information and ideas that are not yours--whether quoted directly or paraphrased. A rule of thumb for citations is: if you are using more than 6 words in a row from a source, cite the source. The MLA Handbook states that "you must indicate the source of any information or material that you took from someone else. If you have any doubt about whether you are committing plagiarism, cite your source or sources (73). It is NOT true that only direct quotations need to be cited. Paraphrases of information and ideas that you are "borrowing" must also be cited.

If several consecutive sentences in your paper paraphrase information from or the ideas in a single source, you can cite the source at the end of your last sentence on this material. However, this does NOT mean you can construct your paper essentially by copying and pasting from documents on the web, paragraph by paragraph, even if you cite the source at the end of each paragraph in your paper and even if you do some minor rewording. This is plagiarism. Such a paper is essentially the work of others, and not your work. (The only appropriate way to copy a large amount of material into your paper is to indent itwhich implies a direct quote--and cite the source at the end. Long direct quotes should be very few in number, and you should have a good reason for using a long direct quote.)

Cite or document a source within the text by giving a reader only enough information to find the source in the bibliography or works cited list. The most common citation contains only the last name of the author and the page number, e.g., (Kahn 43). If the author's name appears within the text of the paragraph, only the page number is needed. All citations are placed in parentheses. This is an easier alternative than footnotes.

Direct Quotes
Be judicious in your use of direct quotes. Quote directly only if the text is very critical (e.g., quote from Shakespeare) or exceptionally well worded. Otherwise, paraphrase and cite the source. Bottom line: direct quotes should be used rarely; for each direct quote you use, you ought to be able to justify why quoting directly (instead of paraphrasing) is important.

Outlines
As the timeline page of the course description states, twice during the process the instructor requires an outline. Preparing an outline helps the writer get an overall view of the paper and determine how each section relates to the whole. Reading an outline helps the instructor determine if the topic is covered appropriately: is the topic too broad or too narrow; are all key areas included? If the topic involves two sides, is there a balanced presentation of both sides? The instructor's intent is that feedback on the two outlines and bibliographies will help the student to write a final paper that will meet the expectations of both instructor and student in scope, content, and sources.

Outline Submission Format
The outline should be a Word document with your last name as the filename. The Timeline page of the course description states what the outline should contain. Upload the outline to Canvas in the corresponding assignment found in the Paper folder; e.g., upload your first outline to the Outline 1 assignment. The instructor will use Words tracking changes feature to make comments within the document itself, and will upload this to the same assignment.

Drafts and editing
Each writer's style is different. Some prefer to do a rough draft and then flesh in each part. Some prefer to work carefully and rather completely on each part. In any case, a really good paper is written in stages or drafts. Each successive stage enables you to see and express more clearly the argument of your paper. Plan to start writing early enough that you can carefully re-read and edit.

The instructor recommends that you have at least one family member or friendwho is willing to be criticalread and comment on your paper. Even if this person is not in the computer or IT field, he or she ought to be able to understand the bulk of your paper, and can also make suggestions about your writing. If English is not your native language, you need the editorial kindness of someone who will help you polish your writing.

Connelly Library's Online Help in Writing a Good Paper
Go to the librarys homepage, http://www.lasalle.edu/library/, and follow the link to Research, then Style Guides.

La Salles Writing Center
You can get personal help at the Sheekey Writing Center, www.lasalle.edu/services/sheekey/.

Help in Recognizing and Avoiding Plagiarism
One of the finest sources comes from Indiana University. http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.pdf has the document Examples of Plagiarism. This document includes good examples of paraphrasing a source (which should be used instead of direct quotation in most cases) and citing it correctly, as well as examples of plagiarism.

Another excellent resource, Defining and Avoiding Plagiarism, comes from the Council of Writing Program Ad