Disscussions and Assignments.

1) How does the focus of research and evidence-based practice (EBP) differ? Discuss the application of research findings into evidence-based nursing practice. Provide an example. 2) Why is it important to conduct a quality literature review? Characterize the four major types of reviews. What are the essential components of a quality literature review? 3) What are some research designs that justify themselves in the field of nursing research? Choose one and explain why you chose it. Give an example of how this research design is used in your nursing discipline. 4) Select one qualitative and one quantitative question that you are interested in investigating. Identify the independent and dependent variables. Next, create a hypothesis or set of hypotheses to go along with your research question. Identify your hypothesis as one of each of the four categories below and explain why your hypothesis fits into these categories (hint: review chapter 3). Associative or causal Simple or complex Nondirectional vs. directional Null vs. research 5) Visit the Healthy People 2020 website, Topics and Objectives page https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives and explore some topics. Discuss how epidemiological methods are used to evaluate Healthy People 2020 objectives. Provide examples. 6) What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research sampling strategies? Compare and contrast the strategies and describe some of the advantages and disadvantages of each. 7) Discuss characteristics used to appraise when evaluating qualitative and quantitative designs. Which characteristics are the most important and why? 8) How is data used to evaluate outcomes? Provide an example that relates to an area of nursing. 9) Conducting research with strong ethical principles is a critical component of being an effective nurse researcher. In the research simulation activity, which character(s) did you play? What did you learn about ethical principles in research? Are ethics in research clear cut, or do you think there are some gray areas? Remember to cite and reference all sources you use to respond to the question. Any time you look up information and then provide information from that source in your answer, you need to cite the source (usually in parentheses with the author name/s and date of publication) and then add the source to the reference list. For each assignment I will upload a rubric. For Assignment 1 - first file, assignment 2 - second file, assignment 3 - third and fourth file, assignment 4 - fifth file, 5 - sixth and the sample of the research paper with all details. Assignment 1: PICOT is an acronym used to help develop clinical research questions and guide you in your search for evidence: P = Patient population I = Intervention or issue of interest C = Comparison of interventions or comparison of interests O = Outcome T = Time frame For example, you may wish to research the effects of interrupted sleep on cognition of ICU patients 65 or older. Using this PICOT model, In _________(P), how does __________ (I) compared to _________ (C) influence _________ (O) over ________ (T)? In ICU patients who are 65 or older, how does interrupted sleep (awakened one time or more in four hours) as compared to uninterrupted sleep influence the patient’s cognitive ability over 5 days? Assignment Directions Begin by selecting a topic in nursing or medicine that is of interest to you. Next, use PICOT to format possible research questions about that topic. Provide 3 possible PICOT research questions. (You will be revising your topic and research questions in future assignments.) Include the following: Title page Provide a brief description of the topic and background information. Explain the significance of the topic to nursing practice. Provide 3 clearly stated PICOT questions providing the focus of the project. Your paper should: Be 2–3 pages (not including the title page and reference page) Use current APA format to style your paper and to cite your sources. Review the rubric for further information on how your assignment will be graded. Assignment 2: This week, you will submit summaries of quantitative and qualitative studies. The purpose of this assignment is to become familiar with published research, research designs, and methodologies. For the assignment, you will select one quantitative research study and one qualitative study related to the field of nursing and write a summary of each study. Each summary must be accurate, succinct, and clear. Ensure the following questions are addressed in each summary: 1. What type of research is it (quantitative, qualitative, and design)? 2. What was the research question(s) or hypothesis? 3. What is the sample, the sample size, and sample attributes? 4. What was the setting of the study? 5. What were the researcher’s findings? (Identify one.) You must also submit the research studies with your summaries. Each summary should be between 150–250 words. Use current APA format to style your paper and to cite your sources. Assignment 3: For this assignment, you will locate a minimum of 4 research articles related to the topic and PICOT questions that you developed in Week 2. The articles must be current (2002 to the present), and two articles must be quantitative, and two articles must be qualitative. There are two parts to this assignment. Part 1: Complete a Rapid Critical Appraisal Checklist chart for each research article (4 total). Download Click for more options the Rapid Critical Appraisal Checklist here. Click for more options Part II: Write s summary (2–3 pages) Describe the similarities and differences among the four research articles. You should: Use current APA format to style your paper and to cite your sources. Submit the 4 completed charts along with your summary. Assignment 4: For this assignment you will draw conclusions about your topic and PICOT research question(s) based on what you learned from the literature in Week 6. Discuss the practical or clinical significance of the findings and themes to the clinical issue and nursing practice. Answer the PICOT question(s) or provide a rationale for why you are unable to definitively answer the question(s). Submit the following as one paper: Title page Description of the research topic and background information Significance of the topic to nursing practice Clearly stated PICOT question(s) providing the focus of the project Rapid Critical Appraisal Charts (1 per research article) Summarization Discussion and Conclusion References updated if needed You should: Make sure you have incorporated any instructor feedback on previously submitted sections. Use current APA format to style your paper and to cite your sources. The Discussions and Conclusions section of your paper should be 2–3 pages. Assignment 5: A research critique demonstrates your ability to critically read an investigative study. For this assignment, choose a research article related to nursing or medicine to critique. Your critique should include the following: Research Problem/Purpose State the problem clearly as it is presented in the report. Have the investigators placed the study problem within the context of existing knowledge? Will the study solve a problem relevant to nursing? State the purpose of the research. Review of the Literature Identify the concepts explored in the literature review. Were the references current? If not, what do you think the reasons are? Theoretical Framework Are the theoretical concepts defined and related to the research? Does the research draw solely on nursing theory or does it draw on theory from other disciplines? Is a theoretical framework stated in this research piece? If not, suggest one that might be suitable for the study. Variables/Hypotheses/Questions/Assumptions What are the independent and dependent variables in this study? Are the operational definitions of the variables given? If so, are they concrete and measurable? Is the research question or the hypothesis stated? What is it? Methodology What type of design (quantitative, qualitative, and type) was used in this study? Was inductive or deductive reasoning used in this study? State the sample size and study population, sampling method, and study setting. Did the investigator choose a probability or non-probability sample? State the type of reliability and the validity of the measurement tools. Were ethical considerations addressed? Data Analysis What data analysis tool was used? How were the results presented in the study? Identify at least one (1) finding. Summary/Conclusions, Implications, and Recommendations What are the strengths and limitations of the study? In terms of the findings, can the researcher generalize to other populations? Explain. Evaluate the findings and conclusions as to their significance for nursing. The body of your paper should be 4–6 double-spaced pages plus a cover page and a reference page. The critique must be attached to the article and follow APA guidelines.