Instruction
“The review of the literature provides the background and context for the
research problem. It should establish the need for the research and indicate
that the writer is knowledgeable about the area” (Wiersma, 1995, p. 406).
B. The literature review accomplishes several important things.
1. It shares with the reader the results of other studies that are closely
related to the study being reported (Fraenkel & Wallen, 1990).
2. It relates a study to the larger, ongoing dialogue in the literature
about a topic, filling in gaps and extending prior studies (Marshall
& Rossman, 1989).
3. It provides a framework for establishing the importance of the
study, as well as a benchmark for comparing the results of a study
with other findings.
4. It “frames” the problem earlier identified.
C. Demonstrate to the reader that you have a comprehensive grasp of the field
and are aware of important recent substantive and methodological
developments.
D. Delineate the “jumping-off place” for your study. How will your study
refine, revise, or extend what is now known?
E. Avoid statements that imply that little has been done in the area or that
what has been done is too extensive to permit easy summary. Statements of
this sort are usually taken as indications that the writer is not really familiar
with the literature.
F. In a proposal, the literature review is generally brief and to the point. Be
judicious in your choice of exemplars—the literature selected should be
pertinent and relevant (APA, 2001). Select and reference only the more
appropriate citations. Make key points clearly and succinctly.
G. Committees may want a section outlining your search strategy—the
procedures you used and sources you investigated (e.g., databases, journals,
test banks, experts in the field) to compile your literature review. Check
with your Chair.