Instruction
Topic: The importance and Usefulness of Studying Biology
The paper should be written using 12-14 font-size letters with 1½ line spacing, and should be a minimum of 2 and maximum of 3 typed pages long, excluding the cover page, references/bibliography, and any picture you may insert. If the paper is more than 4 pages it will affect your score on the paper.
Literature search is an important part of the paper. You should not limit yourself to popular internet sites such as Wikipedia, newspaper articles, or popular magazine articles. You should look into and include information from 2-3 original scientific journal articles and properly reference them. Students will be highly credited for using scientific journal articles as resources for their paper. PubMed is a very common and useful database of publications of original articles in biological sciences maintained by The National Center for Biotechnology Information at the National Institute of Health (NIH). A guide of how to use and search PubMed is present in the PubMed home page (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) under quick start guide. You can search PubMed using author’s name or keywords. Pick a few relevant free articles to get specific information as well as some idea about the writing style of formal scientific research papers. This may help you to better organize and write your paper.
Originality is the most important selling point of your paper. The paper should be written in your own words and will be evaluated for professionalism, overall organization of materials, style and quality of presentation. You need to include at least one, two is preferred, cutting edge research area or recent discoveries (need to include reference properly) benefitting humankind or enhancing our knowledge of biology/biological process. It should include parts mentioned below and in the following order:
1. Cover page, 5pts – Include the title, author’s (you) name, course information, and date in this page. The title should be written in bold letters using reasonably big font (18-20), your name also bolded and in 2nd largest font (16), other information required to be presented in regular (12) or a little bigger font (14). You can use any font type that seems appropriate and professional to you. The cover page will be evaluated based on its’ scientific and professional look and creative and interesting presentation. A topic-related photograph, image, diagram will enhance the quality of the cover page.
2. Abstract, 10 pts – This is the summary of the whole paper and should not exceed 250 words.
3. Introduction, 10 pts - Background information about the topic. The goal of the introduction section is to provide enough information so that someone who has high school-level science background gets enough background information to understand your report. Toward the end of the introduction clearly state the main idea and focus of your paper and what the reader is expect to learn from it.
4. Body of the paper, 15 pts – This is the main and most important part of the paper. Here you describe the project. Focus on main points and clearly elaborate them. Avoid deviating from the main points/ideas and back them up with examples and evidences. You
5. Conclusion, 5 pts – Conclude the paper with your views and remarks. Discuss the pros and cons of the area of the topic/focus of your research paper.
6. References, 5pts – You should put reference in numerical order in your paper. You can use any standard style to list references. For your convenience, a few commonly used styles for journal articles, books, internet etc. are provided below.
Journal article -Van Vugt, M., Hogan, R., & Kaiser, R. B. (2008). Leadership, followership, and evolution: Some lessons from the past. American Psychologist, 63(3), 182-196.
Book article- Frank, R. H., & Bernanke, B. (2007). Principles of macroeconomics (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Magazine article- Kluger, J. (2008, January 28). Why we love.Time,171(4), 54-60.
Internet article -Newcomb K. Search engines come together on sitemaps auto-discovery. SearchEngine Watch Web site. http://searchenginewatch.com/showPage.html? Accessed April 16, 2007.
Newspaper Article - Steinmetz G. Kafka is a symbol of Prague today; also, he’s a T-shirt. Wall Street Journal. October 10, 1996.
Plagiarism should be completely avoided. Obviously you will be discussing someone else’s work, but put it down in your own words. If you need to state exactly the way someone wrote before put it under quotation. Revise your paper a few times to make it better and stronger before you submit it.