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Home › Urban Planning and Policy Help › ESSAY due nov 4 @ 10:00PM APA Style
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ESSAY due nov 4 @ 10:00PM APA Style

Date Posted: 01/11/2013
Category: Urban Planning and Policy
Due Date: 04/11/2013
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ESSAY due nov 4 @ 10:00PM APA Style
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AGISOOMONDI 13 years, 8 months ago

Hi, I am an experienced academic writer in other platforms. Attached see a sample of my prevous works. Thanks. Boundaries Student’s Name Institution Boundaries Section 1 According to Katherine, a boundary is viewed as a form of a limit or edge which defines an individual as separate from others. It can thereby be viewed as a form of a limit which promotes integrity. There are various types of backgrounds which are comprehensively analyzed within the scholarly material by Katherine. The author defines spiritual, emotional, physical as well as relational forms as the different types of boundaries. The author also provides some excellent examples which illustrate a violation of each of the boundaries (Katherine, 1994). According to the author, there are some limits on what appears to be appropriate or safe within emotional boundaries. As an example, an individual may run into friends that he or she has not met for some time. If they happen to embarrass them in public, or even humiliate them by openly describing their looks in public, then the victims may feel very uncomfortable or even hurt. From such an experience, it is thereby notable that an individual may require defining a limit between such friends. This marks an emotional form of a boundary. It is also notable form the text that individuals can always choose the most appropriate spiritual path for them and can only be assisted but not forced in such a scenario. The overall spiritual development comes from within. This defines the aspect of a spiritual boundary. The sexual boundaries as per the literature by Katherine also form a significant category. They normally outline the most appropriate and safe sexual behaviors which are expected from other individuals. This makes individuals to establish who interacts with them sexually and the actual extent to which this should happen. Relational boundaries are considered to be the actual roles which different individuals play in the process of defining the limits of some appropriate interaction within a society. Another significant thing to note from the literature by Katherine is the importance of a boundary. It is notable that boundaries bring the necessary order to the lives of individuals. As people learn about how to strengthen them, then they tend to gain some clear sense of themselves as well as their relationship with others. These boundaries also significantly empower different individuals to eventually determine how they treat each other within a society. Another aspect that is significant within the literature material by Katherine is the fact that differently oriented cultures normally have some different concepts of the relevant boundaries. As an excellent example from the book, the author claims that within North America and Europe, it becomes quite rare for people to ask intimidating questions for the very first time of their meeting. Some of the questions that one is rarely likely to encounter include” are you married” or the much money they earn. A striking difference that needs to be noted is that this appears to be relatively common across territories like India (Jacob, Decker & Hartshorne, 2011). Another phase of the same book dwells mainly on the aspect of the violation of these boundaries. There are specific violations of distance and violations of intrusion. The author states that an intrusion of violation occurs whenever there is the breaching of emotional or physical boundary. An excellent example could be an inquiry of whether an individual has ever attempted to do an abortion. This appears to be an intrusion to relatively personal information. One of the real life examples which indicate some direct intrusion is from the field of psychotherapy. In this scenario, an eleven year old defendant appears to have been very disturbed. She had continuously been very resistant to treatment and also fired numerous therapists. She also alleged that the psychiatrist of the eleven year old had had several sexual relationships with her. The aspect of intrusion is present within the perceived abandonment by the therapist which eventually led to the process of filing of the complaint. Boundaries normally separate individuals in some physical and emotional manner. They happen to be essential for the physical and mental health as well as in the development of some healthy relationships. It is however notable that there is continued violation of these different categories of boundaries, especially within families, workplaces and also in different social ties. The author makes it clear that despite the significant importance of the different personal boundaries, a majority of the people are never aware of the effects of their violations. The other major aspect that is discussed from the books involves a guidance process towards the realization of effective healthy boundaries. Improvement of self-awareness marks the very initial step. This is then followed by identification of the different childhood violations as well as the offenders and then proceeding with the process of taking care of the damage caused. It is also necessary to effectively examine the present state of the respective boundaries within the present relationships and then proceed to clear them up. Section 2 One of the three subsections of the different ethical guidelines to be analyzed is with regard to the APA code of ethics. This subsection presents the preamble, the introduction, and the five sets of general principles as well as the specific ethical standards expected for a professional counselor. This section analyzes the different sets of psychologist’s ethical standards that need to be observed. The guidelines offer a layout of how the different professional psychologists ought to observe some of the highest ideals of psychology. The guidelines are mainly meant to cover the counseling, clinical as well as school practice of psychology. They provide a comprehensive orientation on application of the APA codes of ethics in the fields of policy development, public service, educational counseling, social intervention as well as organizational consulting (Katherine, 1994). The other subsection of the ethical guidelines is in regard with the observation of effective boundaries in accordance with the ACA codes of ethics. This subsection state that the various statutory sets of changes as well as the changes within professional liability coverage have continuously had some significant impact upon overt sexual boundary violations that are committed by the humanistic therapist. The ACA codes of ethics cover a majority of the past examples of the entire humanistic approach to the sexual boundaries. In the final subsection, there is a comprehensive analysis as to whether some of the contended standards within the care centers fail to fully encompass the common placement procedures of the behavioral, humanistic as well as eclectic psychotherapies. The section also analyzes the different ways through which the aspect of psychotherapy is viewed in accordance with the code of ethics as outlined by AAMFT. These guidelines offer a comprehensive review of the ways in which the AAMFT codes of ethics describe the aspect of sexual and emotional boundaries. According to the presentation made by the author in this subsection, the AAMFT code of ethics normally ensures that the family and marriage therapists effectively comply with the mandate of the necessary law. They also support the legal mandate for the reporting of any alleged unethical conduct (Goodwin, 2010). Section 3 In connection to the first ethical guideline meant for professional counselors, there are several ethical standards which are pre-defined for psychologists. These guidelines are necessary to the counseling professional. This applies precisely in the process of developing effective assessment tools for professional counselors. It is also significantly important in the process of performing effective professional counseling (Pope & Vasquez, 2011). This also offers effective guidance to the overall organizational counseling by the counselors in charge. Body As per the second subsection, the ethical guidance on the dangers of boundary violations is evident. In accordance with the ACA codes of ethics, the sexual boundary violations should be only addressed by the humanistic therapist. This guide any professional counselor who is involved in educational counseling or policy development to avoid in any way addressing such a case before performing a comprehensive social intervention (Koocher & Keith-Spiegel, 2008). In a practical scenario, a case presented to a psychotherapist regarding violation of the sexual or emotional boundaries might require a comprehensive evaluation of the effective mandate of law as governed by the ACA codes of ethics (Merrick, 1981). As for the final subsection, the guideline provided relates to humanistic, behavioral and eclectic psychotherapies. Any professional counselor who is well oriented with the general code of ethics in accordance with AAMFT statutes can effectively handle emotional and the sexual boundaries’ violation (Campbell, 2010). Such guidelines enable any professional counselor to easily distinguish the different boundary violations form some purely private conduct of psychologists that is not within the purview of the AAMFT code of ethics. References Campbell, L. (2010). APA ethics code commentary and case illustrations. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Goodwin, C. J. (2010). Research in psychology: Methods and design. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Jacob, S., Decker, D. M., & Hartshorne, T. S. (2011). Ethics and law for school psychologists. Hoboken, N.J: J. Wiley & Sons. Johnston, G. F. (2003). Abortion from the religious and moral perspective: An annotated bibliography. Westport, Conn: Praeger Pub. Katherine, A. (1994). Boundaries: Where you end and I begin. Center City. Minn: Hazelden. Koocher, G. P., & Keith-Spiegel, P. (2008). Ethics in psychology and the mental health professions: Standards and cases. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Lunneborg, P. W. (1992). Abortion: A positive decision. New York: Bergin & Garvey. Merrick, R. A. (1981). Ethical boundaries and psychotherapy: An examination of the impact of availability and awareness of professional standards on psychologists' perceptions of ethical issues in the provision of psychotherapy. Pope, K. S., & Vasquez, M. J. T. (2011). Ethics in psychotherapy and counseling: A practical guide. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons. THEORIES AND MODELS OF PUBLIC POLICY Student’s name Institution Public policy is a course of action taken by administrative personnel in accordance to the law in executing their functions. It is an interdisciplinary field of study that spells the future goals and objectives and how they are to be achieved. Policy making process is a procedural process. This paper focuses on theories and model s of public policy, their similarities and differences. The Brewer and Deleon version of Viana’s model takes the procedure of: agenda setting, formulation, implementation and evaluation (Smith & Larimer, 2013).). Agenda setting. This is the one of the most chaotic and agreeable stage. It is one of the most important stages. It involves problem identification, determination of goals and objectives and alternative generation. It involves project recognition. Implementation is an important aspect of policy process without which the earlier carefully considered steps can be invalidated. This process demands for careful attention. Formulation and Evaluation is analysis of operating programs to verify if they are meeting the desired results. It provides basis for adjustments of resources. MODELS Institutional model is based on government organization describing duties and responsibilities of departments. It is based on legal framework stipulated by the law of the land. Power is based on authority and the higher the rank the greater the influence in decision making. The government legitimizes policies for them to start operating as policies. The government forces obedience to policies. This model focuses on organizational chart in government. Organized anarchy concentrates on problems, politics and policy in identification of issues to be addressed. Should the issue fail to catch the attention then nothing will happen. In situation where politicians decide to address an issue, policy response will not be developed. Elite-mass model is a situation whereby policy making is marked by information and lack of interest and governs the lesser mass. The most powerful members of the society are the chief policy makers. The mass have to consent with ideas of the powerful in the society. It is perceived that the elite is more informed hence highly trusted with policy making. Elite model explains that making and execution of policy elite is likely to act on unfavorable environment thereby interfering with the policy meeting intended objectives. The group model emphasizes on the influence of interest groups in policy making. System model is based on information theory concept that depends on input, output and feedback response. The process is conceived to be cyclical. Group model entails a group that pressurizes the legislature and the executive on the course of action a policy should take. Common interest group joins together to make their demand known to policy making. The group acts as a link between the mass and the government. This model is characterized by politics whose role is to determine the rule of the game, balance interests, enact compromises and enforce compromises. The model is at time known as equilibrium theory Systems model. This is based on concepts of input, output and finally feedback. It assumes cyclical process whereby variables and patterns are analyzed. Variable input and output are examined to yield feedback information used in policy making ( Denhardt, Robert & Joseph, 2003). Streams and window model entails three streams which are run simultaneously. The convergence of three streams leads to policy formulation. The problem is based on public and makers of the policy. Problem category determines the approach and solution to of the problem at hand. References Smith B. , & Larimer W. Christopher. (2013). Public Policy Theory Primer Paperbck Denhardt, Robert & Joseph Grubbs. (2003). Public Administration: an action orientation.
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