Paper/Discussion 1: Sample Size, Power, Tests. In a literature review assignment, you are required to read a biomedical research article including statistical analyses. Besides the scientific findings of this article, you need to pay attention to the statistical procedures included in this article (this study). After reading and thinking about this article, please answer a number questions about this article, most of which are from the statistical perspective).

You should provide a concise and well-organized report to answer these questions. Calculations by hand or from Excel would be included in your report if needed. Your report should be in a word or pdf format. The article: Eur J Emerg Med. 2014 Jun;21(3):206-11. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e3283606b89. Comparison of rocuronium and succinylcholine on postintubation sedative and analgesic dosing in the emergency department. Q1: What was the research aim (or aims)? What was the research hypothesis? What was the primary outcome variable(s)? Of note, there could be two or more primary outcome.)[3-5 sentences; 6 points] Q2: This was a study including hypothesis testing. Please “transform” the research hypothesis (Q1) into statistical hypotheses to test, i.e. what are the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternate hypothesis (Ha)? Of note, there could be more than one H0 vs Ha since the number of the primary outcome variables to be tested could be 2 or more than 2. (4 points) Q3: Since this study was designed as a hypothesis testing study, the power of test was predetermined, so was the minimum sample size to achieve this power. How was the sample size determined in this article? You should provide not only the procedure name but also the details on how to get the sample size (i.e. provide your calculation to confirm their results. This calculation should be not complicated). (8 points) Q4: Table 1 summarizes the demographic and baseline data. Since two independent groups were included in this study, the baseline data between these two groups were compared and p values were included in this table. For each of the following demographic variables, please tell which specific statistical test was used for the comparison between two groups. Your answer should be as specific as possible. For example, was the test two-sided or one-sided? Was the test for paired samples or not? [1 point for each variable, 8 points in total] Age Sex Number of intubation attempts Trauma Weight Stroke Temperature Oxygen saturation Q5: The major statistical procedure used to analyze data in this article was multiple linear regression. The outputs were listed in Table 2. There were two models in Table 2 (you should know why!). For each model, answer the following questions: Q5a: Which independent variables were significantly associated with the primary outcome variable at the significance level of 0.05? [3 points] Q5b: For each model, how many percentages of variance in the primary outcome variable can be explained by the linear regression model? [2 points]