Need by noon Sunday 12/02/18

instructions: Please review the assignment criteria below. You will write a paper using APA format to answer the criteria concerning the scientific study of human development and major theories that have a significant impact on human development science. You will need to describe the fundamental cultural, biological, and environmental aspects of human development relating to these areas. Explain how theoretical perspectives regard children and adults as active contributors to their own development. Cite evidence that both nature and nurture contribute to the development of individuals with mental disorders. Include an example citing a specific example relating to a specific disorder. Apply: Cecilia gave birth to an underweight preterm baby. Cecilia is single and works a minimum wage job. Her parents are willing to help take care of the baby while Cecilia is at work. Cecilia is also going to school to earn a degree in education and is taking online coursework. Plan an intervention for helping Cecilia’s baby develop. Use your textbook to cite specifics.

----- Modified Instruction (12/02/2018 07:28:34) -----
instructions: Please review the assignment criteria below. You will write a paper using APA format to answer the criteria concerning the scientific study of human development and major theories that have a significant impact on human development science. You will need to describe the fundamental cultural, biological, and environmental aspects of human development relating to these areas. Explain how theoretical perspectives regard children and adults as active contributors to their own development. Cite evidence that both nature and nurture contribute to the development of individuals with mental disorders. Include an example citing a specific example relating to a specific disorder. Apply: Cecilia gave birth to an underweight preterm baby. Cecilia is single and works a minimum wage job. Her parents are willing to help take care of the baby while Cecilia is at work. Cecilia is also going to school to earn a degree in education and is taking online coursework. Plan an intervention for helping Cecilia’s baby develop. Use your textbook to cite specifics. Example-This is everything you need. This basically what she wants. Human Development Science Explain how theoretical perspectives regard children and adults as active contributors to their own development. Various theories of development provide a framework through which society understands human growth and learning. These psychological theories provide insight into what motivates human thought and behavior, and how children and adults contribute to their development. Theories in developmental psychology hold that every individual goes through a period where he is biologically prepared to obtain adaptive behaviors but requires support of an environment that adequately stimulates the process of development. If an individual does not go through this crucial period in life, it is argued that intelligence will be impaired. It becomes difficult for the individual in adulthood to retrieve the intelligence that was not acquired during the younger years when an individual is more capable of information processing and cognitive thinking. The sociocultural theory by Vygotsky suggests that adults act as agents of socialization by passing along knowledge down to their children and younger generations within their sphere of influence (Green & Piel, 2015). Adults learn their culture as they develop and assume the role of socialization agents in their interactions and family relationships with children. The effect is that social interaction between young and older generations is maintained, reinforcing specific ideas and values which define particular cultures within global society. Children grow up learning that specific beliefs and practices of their culture need to be maintained. They place priority on those beliefs and practices because they want to develop a sense of belonging to that culture. This idea is supported by the ecological systems theory which suggests that child development is significantly influenced by environmental forces. Children adopt the activities and preferences of their immediate surroundings, further strengthening the particular values of that culture concerning how best to develop as children and as adults (Berk, 2013). Piaget noted that different individuals reached different levels of development due to varying aptitudes (Green & Piel, 2015). Some children are more capable of reaching the formal operational stage than others. The capacity for abstraction enables adolescents to use advanced reasoning in a variety of situations and consider all possible outcomes in a problem rather than only thinking about the obvious ones. The ease or difficulty through which a child passes earlier stages of development determines their artistic, logical, mathematical, practical, and other skills. It suggests that children can directly contribute to their adult development depending on how they handled earlier stages of development. Cite evidence that both nature and nurture contribute to the development of individuals with mental disorders. Include an example citing a specific example relating to a specific disorder. Nature and nurture both contribute to the development of individuals with mental disorders. Nature refers to the biological information received from parents from the moment of conception. Nurture refers to the physical and social forces which influence biological setup and psychological experience both before and after birth (Berk, 2013). Both nature and nurture have effects on mental health. Mental illness contains a significantly high genetic loading in relation to any common illness. It means that genetics determine the development of mental disorders in individuals. Schizophrenia is one of the most extensively studied topics in mental health. Research suggests that with schizophrenia, there is an 80 percent risk of the disorder being genetic (Coll, Bearer & Lerner, 2014). Genetic loading also accounts for a large proportion of the risk associated with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorders. These findings affirm nature as having an extensive impact on development of mental disorders. However, nature is not the only major factor influencing mental health. If nature was the sole factor, a diagnosis of mental illness in one twin would generally mean that the other twin had the same condition. Since this is not often the case, it indicates that there is another factor which contributes to the existing influence exerted by genetics. This is the nurture factor. Nurture has a similarly large impact on mental health. A study by the University of Liverpool featuring 32,827 adult respondents found that life events were the strongest direct predictors of mental health problems (Coll, Bearer & Lerner, 2014). The family history of mental illness was a close second, further supporting the correlated impact of nature and nurture on mental disorders. A separate study by the University of Manchester on 1.38 million babies born in Denmark between 1973 and 1995 found that the risk of schizophrenia was 67 percent higher among children whose mothers had experienced trauma during the first trimester (Coll, Bearer & Lerner, 2014). It is evident that when it comes to mental health, it is not a question of nature or nurture. It is both nature and nurture which contribute to development of mental disorders. The main consideration should be on how genes interact with the existing environmental factors. Apply: Cecilia gave birth to an underweight preterm baby. Cecilia is single and works a minimum wage job. Her parents are willing to help take care of the baby while Cecilia is at work. Cecilia is also going to school to earn a degree in education and is taking online coursework. Plan an intervention for helping Cecilia’s baby develop. Being an underweight preterm baby, there is a heightened need to consider risks for numerous conditions which make Cecilia’s baby eligible for intervention. Preterm babies may have speech or feeding problems, cognitive or emotional disorders, developmental delays, social concerns and other issues (Blair, 2002). Intervention for this scenario requires improvement of the baby’s environment as well as parental empowerment. Cecilia has multiple environmental and emotional factors which may diminish her ability to help the baby grow socially, physically, behaviorally and emotionally. The baby’s grandparents need to be socially supported to improve the caregiver-child relationship. This will enhance the basic care-giving skills and allow Cecilia’s parents to make the baby feel emotionally secure in the new environment. The caregivers need to be trained on appropriate nursing and medical services to supplement their existing parental knowledge. The baby will be placed on a nutrition program to ensure that the greater risk of neuro-developmental disabilities in preterm babies is countered adequately. Cecilia will be placed under assistive therapy to help deal with the early separation and lack of consistent interaction with her baby. This will help her deal with the emotional impact of having to engage in multiple activities at work and school while her baby is being cared for by the grandparents. References Berk, L. E. (2013). Exploring lifespan development. Upper Saddle River: Pearson. Blair, C. (2002). Early intervention for low birth weight, preterm infants: The role of negative emotionality in the specification of effects. Development and psychopathology, 14(2), 311-332. Coll, C. G., Bearer, E. L., & Lerner, R. M. (2014). Nature and nurture: The complex interplay of genetic and environmental influences on human behavior and development. Psychology Press. Dunst, C. J. (2007). Early intervention for infants and toddlers with developmental disabilities. Handbook of developmental disabilities, 161-180. Green, M. G., & Piel, J. A. (2015). Theories of human development: A comparative approach. Psychology Press.