Instruction
Forum 4 pertains to Week 4's learning unit and to Chapters 11 & 12 in our textbook
Forum 4 learning objectives:
¥ to comprehend the connection between feminism and the Ethics of Care
¥ to describe the fundamentals of the Ethics of Care
¥ to situate the Ethics of Care in the larger tradition of Moral Philosophy
¥ to deepen your comprehension of the Aristotle's Virtue Ethics
¥ to explore Aristotle's Conception of the Good
¥ to expose the Golden Mean Doctrine
¥ to apply Virtue theory to the "ticking bomb" case
¥ to compare Virtue Ethics to Utilitarianism and Kant's Moral Theory
(1) Aristotle’s Golden Mean Doctrine says that in order to be virtuous, one has to ensure that she finds the right way to act—not too much and not too little. For example, too little courage is considered cowardliness and too much courage is considered recklessness. Thus, virtue is a matter of balance between deficiency and excess. To illustrate, Rachels presents a few virtues (p.162), where the left column indicates deficiency, the right excess, and the middle indicated the Golden Mean, the balanced virtue.
a. Illustrate the Golden Mean by example of a virtuous person or a virtuous act from your own life experience. Explain why you think this person or act is virtuous.
b. Add to the list at least three additional virtues including their deficiency and excess.
(2) A "Ticking bomb" case is a case where a suspected terrorist or a criminal refuses to reveal information about an immanent even the will result in lose of life. For example, if one of the suspected 9/11 terrorists would have been interrogated before that day, she/he would be considered a "Ticking bomb". Or if a kidnapper is refusing to give up the location where a kidnapped child is held with diminishing breathing air, the kidnapper would be considered a "Ticking bomb". One of the moral issues related to this case is the morality of torturing a Ticking bomb. Watch the following clip (click) and answer the questions below:
a. What would a Utilitarian say?
b. What would a Kantian say?
c. What would a Virtue theorist say?
d. If you were a government agent interrogating a ‘ticking bomb’, would you use torture? Use the above theories or any other ethical principle.
(3) Give an example, from your own life experience, when you have acted as a care ethicist. What were your moral motivations?
(4) At the bottom of p. 156, Rachels says “ . . ., if the ethics of care is taken to be the whole of morality, such arguments will be ignored. On the other hand, if caring is only one part of morality, the arguments from principle still has considerable force.”
a. Explain the two options of looking at the ethics of care outlined by Rachels in this section.
b. The care ethicist may choose a third way of looking at things, namely, that care values should always get priority over principles such as impartiality and rationality, which then become secondary in moral decision making. Do you think that makes sense? Explain and use examples.