Instruction
1,000-1,500 words
FOUR-STAGE MODEL: All Papers should use the Four-Stage Model, as described below. Although in Paper I,
each stage will likely be a single paragraph, in later papers, some stages may be more than one paragraph. DO NOT
INCLUDE INSTRUCTION PROMPTS IN YOUR PAPERS.
(i) DQ & POS. What’s the Debate Question (DQ) & Position (POS)? Either (a) look for a “Yes/No” question,
which allows for either an Affirmative (AFF) or Negative (NEG) POS. Or (b) look for a “What” question and create
names for the two or more Accounts being considered as answers to that question – each Account is a POS on the
“What” question. Clearly define any important terms, using examples. Why is this an interesting, important and/or
difficult question? (NOTE: In most cases, a Yes/No framework is best.) Do not begin describing arguments and
objections in Stage (i).
(ii) ARG. What’s one (and only one) Main or Best Argument (ARG)? This could be (a) an ARG supporting the
writer’s own POS, or (b) an ARG for a POS that the writer is objecting to. Describe the ARG fully. Give an
example. Explain how it’s supposed to work. After Paper I, it may make sense to consider more than one ARG, but
you should spend sufficient time describing each ARG, and provide an OBJ to each ARG in Stage (iii), and evaluate
each ARG/OBJ pair in Stage (iv).
(iii) OBJ. What’s one (and only one) Best Objection (OBJ) to this ARG? If in (ii), you described an ARG
supporting the writer’s own POS, now (a) give the best OBJ – you can look for this best OBJ in the same reading, in
another reading, or come up with it on your own. If in (ii), you described an ARG for a POS the writer is objecting
to, now (b) give the writer’s own best OBJ. Whichever way you identify an OBJ – on track (a) or track (b) –
describe it fully. Give an example. Explain how it’s supposed to work.
(iv) EVALUATION. Which is stronger? The ARG or the OBJ? Be sure to spend as much time on this stage as
you spend on each of the others – a high Critical Thinking score (CRIT – see Paper Rubric) depends on it.
Quotation and Citation
It is not required that you quote the writer in these papers, but it is required that you cite all claims you make about
the writer’s position and arguments. For these papers, you will use the MLA style, which includes parenthetical
notation and a Works Cited section at the end (the Works Cited section does not count toward the length
requirement of the paper). Quotation and citation are explained in greater detail below in this document. NOTE:
Quotation is not required, but there is a limit to how much you should quote. Quoted material should not take up
more than a fourth of the paper.
Formatting Requirements
Spacing: double-spaced (not 1.8 or 2.2)
Font: Times New Roman, 12 pt. type (not Arial, etc.; not 11 pt or 13 pt)
Margins: 1 inch (left, right, and also top and bottom: all 1 inch, no more, no less)
Page Numbers: Place a page number on each page with your last name preceding it, in the right, top corner (like
this, for example: Name 1)
Header: Within the first four double-spaced lines of the page, adjusted to the left margin, write: (i) your
name; (ii) professor’s name; (iii) course title; (iv) date of submission
Title: centered on the next double-spaced line after Header
Begin Paper: on the next double-spaced line after Header (or Title, if you include one)