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Annotated Bibliography with APA Citations | | | and this is an example Hayes, S. C., Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Bond, F. W., ... Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(1), 1–25. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006This investigation gives insight to the foundations of ACT and further explains what it is exactly. While it is not conclusive that ACT is generally more effective than other active treatments across the range of problems examined, it claims that current data is promising.There is support for the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ) as an important measure of psychopathology. It is used in several sources as a predictor of self-stigma. Livingston, J. D., Milne, T., Fang, M. L., & Amari, E. (2012). The effectiveness of interventions for reducing stigma related to substance use disorders: A systematic review. Addiction,107(1), 39–50. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03601.xA comprehensive review of electronic databases was conducted to identify evaluations of substance use disorder related stigma interventions. Among the included studies, three interventions were focused on self-stigma, social stigma, and structural stigma. As it pertained to self-stigma, therapeutic interventions, such as group-based ACT and vocational counseling, are likely to produce positive effects. Luoma, J. B., Kohlenberg, B. S., Hayes, S. C., Bunting, K., & Rye, A. K. (2008). Reducing self-stigma in substance abuse through acceptance and commitment therapy: Model , manual development , and pilot outcomes, 16(April), 149–165. http://doi.org/10.1080/16066350701850295Luoma et al. (2008) examined the efficacy of using Acceptance-Commitment Therapy (ACT)in a residential treatment facility. Eighty-eight participants underwent a six-hour workshopfocused on mindfulness, acceptance, and values work in relation to self-stigma. Self-reported internalized stigma did decrease post-intervention, but perceived stigma did not.Luoma, J. B., Kohlenberg, B. S., Hayes, S. C., & Fletcher, L. (2012). Slow and steady wins the race: A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy targeting shame in substance use disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80(1), 43–53. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0026070A cohort study was conducted in a substance abuse treatment facility for patients to receive treatment as usual, or undergo the six-hour ACT intervention in place of six hours of treatment that would have occurred at that same time. Primary measurements included internalized shame, treatment utilization, and drug and alcohol use. ACT intervention led to higher levels of outpatient treatment attendance during follow-up, which in turn was functionally related to lower levels of substance use. Luoma, J. B., Kulesza, M., Hayes, S. C., Kohlenberg, B., & Larimer, M. (2014). Stigma predicts residential treatment length for substance use disorder. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 40(3), 206–212. http://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2014.901337This is a secondary data analysis of the results from Luoma, Kohlenberg, Hayes, & Fletcher (2012). Measurements included internalized shame, stigma-related rejection, and self-stigma. The primary finding was that higher levels of self-stigma, in the sample of individuals with SUDs, predicted longer length of stay in residential treatment. Self-stigma predicted attrition in both zero-order and partial correlations, while the other stigma variables did not. Luoma, J. B., Twohig, M. P., Waltz, T., Hayes, S. C., Roget, N., Padilla, M., & Fisher, G. (2007). An investigation of stigma in individuals receiving treatment for substance abuse. Addictive Behaviors, 32(7), 1331–1346. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.09.008This study examines methods of treatment in 15 different substance abuse treatment sites. The most commonly reported experience by participants was the effect of self-stigma as it pertained to their perceptions of the way people treated them. Many statistical analyses were conducted around questions relating to the impacts of stigma. A twist in this study is the finding that ACT that may successfully reduce stigmatizing attitudes and behavior in counselors. Schomerus, G. (2014). The stigma of alcohol and other substance abuse. The Stigma of Disease and Disability: Understanding Causes and Overcoming Injustices, 57–72. http://doi.org/10.1037/14297-004This is a review of research on the public stigma of alcoholism, on structural discriminationof persons with alcohol dependence, and on self-stigma related to alcohol dependence. It also refers to many other articles that may be of interest. Descriptions and definitions of self-stigma are provided, and evidence is provided that self-stigma is a major barrier to recovery. Note: self-stigma induces shame, a topic discussed by other article