Instruction
You are writing up a research proposal (plan) to convince readers (your thesis advisor) how are you going to conduct a study. You will introduce the issue (why is this issue important and needs to be studied further), what the past research has done that were related to the issue and how they can help inform and guide the current interested topic. Then introduce your chosen research methods (many to choose from the textbooks) and your justification of the choice. What results you are looking for and what are potential challenges to have the study completed (challenges and solution in every step)? Of course, if you find a scholarly journal publication, it show these components plus the results (your proposal has NO results since the study has not started yet. You may foresee the possible results according to your literature review). How long will the proposal be? It (main text only) can range from 7 to 15 pages, depending how thoughtful your research proposal intends to reach and the size of your chosen topic). The longer is NOT the better. A good proposal should exhaustively consider all important variables and practical, with comprehensive literature review (showing your sufficient knowledge on the topic).
The first thing you should think of is your research questions. What questions do you intend to answer from your research (results)? For example, if you want to know why some victims of domestic violence stay as returning clients to family protection services. You may study the causes of why they stay in an abusive relationship and why cannot they leave. Their family environments, relationships, available social networks, may all need to be collected as parts of your data. Do not think about if you are capable of conducting the study because this is just a proposal assignment. What you need to think about is how to design a research project that can be done and the results the study will receive are correct and able to answer your research questions. Almost all the research journal papers are a study, and they can be models of your research, except they completed their study and have research results, while yours is a proposal, there will be no results presented but some expected results (could be predicted according to your literature reviews which include the past studies and their findings in the related issues may help you infer your research findings.)
Avoid topics on a particular criminal case but the similar crime type is fine. The literature is free of your choices but should be academic based such as scholarly journal publications and books, while governmental reports are considered a good sources for the literature too. Additional common topics may include “causes of domestic violence”, “The relationship between early childhood attachment and being a delinquent,” etc.
The research review asks you to read a research journal paper and then answer a list of questions I provide regarding the adopted methods in the study. You will evaluate the quality of the research design of the research. This probably takes you a day to complete. So, there is no need to worry about it now. The research paper takes a long time to complete. You should review many journal papers to confirm your ideas, and there are lots of decisions to make while deciding research design details. After those two, writing will be another challenging job. These tasks will make you busy enough. It is a better idea to worry about the Research Review later.
As far as data, you will not analyze the data yet but formulate what variables you are going to include in your research and explain how the data you know could provide such variables for your research analysis. Again, you should first think of the research questions you intend to answer from your research results (if the project is carried out). Additional examples of research questions may be something like "why drug offenses more in certain zip codes than others?" "What social-economic backgrounds suggest a greater commitment to drug offenses?" "What life incidents are more frequently observed in drug users (or dealers)?" After you are sure what research questions you are going to respond to, you should know what variables will be included in your research and if your data can provide these variables. At the same time, you should review some literature conducted in the area of drug offenses (which may inspire your consideration of certain research
Objective: To familiarize you with the process of survey research from conceptualization, questionnaire design, face to face interview, data entry, and elementary data analysis to report writing.
OUTLINE OF WRITING PROCEDURES
I. Introduction
Describe why the topic of your choice is a worthy studied social issue (which will essentially be your dependent variable). Write a brief introduction that introduces your topic and describes why it is of general interest or importance by relating the topic to any theoretical, social or practical significance. One page or so should be enough for this session.
II. Literature Review
Literature
Review past studies examining the topic and find out what variables have been studied that are related to the dependent variable(s). For example, alcohol abuse has been found to be related unstable family relationship, depression, failed school experiences, etc. You should summarize how you have learned from the literature you reviewed and what variables you are trying to study and analyze in your research. Especially, if you have some unique variables to be examined in your research but have not been studied in the past studies, you need provide reasons why this new variable needs to be examined.
Hypotheses
1. Select at least THREE factors (which will be your independent variables) that you
believe will influence your dependent variable. Write a mini theoretical statement (check your theory book for reference) that can be just a couple of sentences explaining HOW and WHY each independent variable will affect your dependent variable. For example, it's not enough to say men will support legalization of prostitution more than women. You must also explain WHY.
2. Following your mini theory, prepare a hypothesis that is simply a one-sentence statement of the relationship you expect to find between each independent variable and the dependent variable. Here is an example of hypothesis, "Hypothesis #1: Men are more likely to support legalization of prostitution than women." You should have at least three hypotheses.
III. Method.
Write two paragraphs describing: (1) Data: where and when you conducted the interview, and how you selected your sample. (2) Measurement: how you measured each concept (describe the questionnaire items). (3) Analysis: how you conduct your statistical analysis (descriptive data: frequency/percentage of study variables; explanatory analysis: correlation between independent variables and dependent variables).
Data Collection (procedures for questionnaire construction and data collection
1. Operationalization: Explain how you WORD your questions for independent and dependent variables (other than demographic variables), and explain how your questions are able to measure the concepts of those variables.
o List and describe all independent variables, briefly describe how they were measured.
o Many of your variables were operationalized into multiple different questions. Describe what those scale means (higher the number, the higher agreement the subjects responded to the question statements (from Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree in a scale)
2. Sample: Describe how you sampled your subjects. You may have to justify why the sampling methods (or classes being chosen) was chosen. Make sure you report the details of each step. Also, you should state how the class project is cooperated with everyone’s effort to collect the data and how many cases were collected.
Analysis
Write two paragraphs describing: (1) Descriptive data analysis procedure. (2) Explanatory data analysis procedure.
IV. Expected Results: Write your expected result section to describe if your research hypotheses will be supported. This is for you to review if your hypotheses are strong enough according to your applied theories and past similar findings in this regard. However, if what you hypothesized is to challenge what have been found in the literature, you may want to be open-minded of you’re your results (support or deny your hypotheses) may be. In that case, you may discuss what conditions can possibly to affect your results of being supporting or denying your hypotheses.
If you are to write a complete paper (and you are NOT asked to submit a completed research paper with completed research analysis), then the following sessions should be included in your complete paper. (For proposals, NO RESULTS are to be write up but only the Expected Results that should be quite brief).
1. Univariate analysis:
i) Report the characteristics of your sample by describing the percentage distribution from the frequency table for each of your nominal and ordinal variables including the recoded independent variable. You simply need to report the percentages (based on the percent column) in each attribute of a variable. For example, “43% of our samples were males and 57% were females.” Make comment about the extent of the representativeness of your sample.
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ii) Provide a complete interpretation of the frequency table about your ratio independent variable. Choose any row except the first row and show that you can interpret each column in the frequency table (frequency, percent, valid percent and cumulative percent colu