Instruction
1.) Research = multiple outside sources >75% of evidence. 1 outside source MUST be a hard copy book or article (NOT printed out from a web source of any kind) – no credit without this, gotten from any library or bookstore. Dictionary, Encyclopedia, Bible do not count as research but are important to use and must be listed on works cited (Bible quotes are book, chapter:verse in the text, parentheses after the quote, and which translation must be listed in the works cited and footnotes: NIV, RSV, NRSV, KJV, NAB, OEB, etc. – student and study versions, annotated, are especially helpful).
2.) IMPORTANT: MUST USE QUOTES FROM WESTERN PHILOSOPHY AN ANTHOLOGY SECOND EDITION EDITED BY JOHN COTTINGHAM < 25% of evidence but MUST be used. No credit without this.
3.) Philosophy paper >90% Philosophy evidence + other supporting fields’ works.
4.) MUST have a separate Works Cited/Bibliography page that includes ALL texts, including textbook(s). No credit without this!!!
5.) 3-part format: Thesis (your opinion to be supported); Discussion or Argument (dialogue = you + supporting experts + opposing points of view; assertions supported, questions from other points of view addressed), Conclusion (summary: thesis and your opinion, supported).
6.) Support = Required text(s) + approved primary source materials (strongest = original author) + commentaries on other authors’ works = secondary source & scholar-level encyclopedias or dictionaries = tertiary source. Google Scholar for searches and other approved web sources (NO Wiki-anything, NO FoxNews, NO BrainyQuotes, NO essay sharing sites, NO dictionary.com, NO SparksNotes as evidence – just for study).
7.) Support every assertion you make with brief quotes (4-5 lines or less). Occasional longer quotes must be separated from main text by a space, centered, single-spaced, separated before resuming main text by a space (pull-quote format). Use footnotes for outside texts (1st instance complete footnote, then just brief note of author’s name for additional instances of same text), in-text notes for textbooks (author) with page numbers in a consistent format. No credit without citations and page numbers! Introduce the speaker of every quote (e.g., Aristotle said…). If you mention an author’s name, you must quote and cite them!
8.) American Format: double-spaced, left-justified (left flush, rag right), no extra spaces between paragraphs (0-pt.), 1” margins, indent (tab = 5 spaces, 0.5”) 1st line of every paragraph, 12-pt. type, footnotes in 10-pt. type & single-spaced, serial comma before “and” for lists; 3-page short papers do not need a works cited page unless there are multiple outside sources (footnotes enough) and no cover page, name and course at top with page numbers in upper right corner starting on pg. 2, stapled, no plastic sleeves.
9.) Quotes: comma before quotation marks, double quotation marks, quote-within-quote uses single quotation marks (looks like apostrophe), final punctuation within closing quotation marks, superscript number for footnotes after all punctuation, complete sentence within quotation marks starts with a capital letter, incomplete sentences start or end with elisions (…) and lower case letters.