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See below

Date Posted: 20/03/2020
Category: Law
Due Date: 20/03/2020
Instruction
1) In APA format (intext citation needed) and in 800 words. Discuss “Guns don’t kill people; people kill people” to reflect what you have learned about the criteria of causation and threats to the validity of causal inference. Answer the following questions in your post: a. What cause-and-effect relationships are implied? b. What are some alternative explanations? c. measurements could be conducted to generate accurate, precise, and reliable data to support the validity of these inferences? 2) In describing different approaches to the time dimension, criminologist Lawrence Sherman (1995) claims that cross-sectional studies can show differences and that longitudinal studies can show change. How does this statement relate to the three criteria for inferring causation? Reference: Sherman, L.W. (1995). “Hot Spots of Crime and Criminal Careers of Places.” In John E. Eck and David Weisburd (eds.). Crime and Place: Crime Prevention Studies, Vol.4. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.
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  • Valid measures of crime are necessary to develop effective law enforcement strategies, tactics, and policies; yet we know that what the data suggest might differ from reality. The first step in reconciling that problem is recognizing that it exists. The second step is taking actions to nullify it or reduce its impact. With these issues in mind, please answer the following questions in a manner that addresses the threats to valid measurement and proposes mechanisms to mitigate these threats. • How would you measure crime in the borough of The Bronx in New York City if you wanted to evaluate a community policing program that encourages borough residents to report incidents to police? • What specific threats to the accuracy of crime measurement would you be concerned about? Why? • What steps would you propose to mitigate the impact of these validity threats, and what is the rationale for choosing these actions? Respond to the above in 800 words and in APA format
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