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300 WORDS MINIMUM with 2 references within 5 years with 1 references being the required textbooks: Knickman, J. R., & Elbel, B. (2019). Jonas & Kovner’s Health Care Delivery in the United States. 12th Edition. Springer Publishing Company. ISBN-13: 978-0826172723 Black Board Discussion 1 The Challenge of Health Care Delivery and Health Policy This discussion will focus on some of the issues that will arise in the remainder of this course, with respect to the importance of good health to Americans, defining characteristics of the U.S. health system (which the authors submit is not a “system” at all), the key challenges facing the health system , and the stakeholders involved in addressing those challenges. Grading Rubric for the Challenge of Health Care Delivery and Health Policy The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) is expected to increase insurance coverage for a significant number of Americans. But many problems in the health care system remain unresolved. As a future Primary Care Health Care Provider, please describe the following; • Why health is so important to Americans • Defining characteristics of the U.S. health care delivery system • Seven key challenges facing the health system • Stakeholders who shape and are affected by how the health system is organized and how it functions Black Board Discussion 2 Comparative Health Systems This discussion explores the differences between national health insurance (NHI) and national health service (NHS) systems. The key features of health care systems in the United States and a number of nations with similar levels per capita income are examined, highlighting health system issues such as provider payments, coordination of care, workforce and information technology, and health system performance. Grading Rubric for Comparative Health Systems What are the key differences between national health service (NHS) and national health insurance (NHI) systems? How do NHI and NHS systems compare with the health care system in the United States? How do most countries with similar levels per capita income differ from and resemble the United States with respect to provider payments, coordination of care, workforce and information technology, and health system performance. Black Board Discussion 3 The Health Workforce This discussion highlights on the health workforce as central to the health care system, and any changes in its deployment and utilization will have significant effects on health care quality and costs. The ACA and rising concerns about the efficiency of health care delivery are bringing renewed attention to on the current makeup of the health care workforce, the challenges posed by shortages in certain professions, and how these shortages are being addressed. Grading Rubric for Healthcare Workforce Most healthcare in the United States is delivered in traditional setting such as hospitals, physician organizations, and long-term care organizations. As access is becoming more readily available, the demand for care is increasing as physician shortages is also increasing. With the increase in number of non-physician providers, discuss how it may affect cost, quality and access to care in the U.S. healthcare system. Discuss on the possibility of changes to scope of practice regulations for Advanced Practice RNs and how it could help to abate health worker shortages.  Why is primary care so important? Black Board Discussion 4 The Future of Health Care Delivery and Health Policy This discussion underlines the need for making forecasts regarding the future of the U.S. health care system and the forces in health care that shape change in the health system. The roles of various stakeholders in the U.S. health care system had been discussed: providers, employers, insurers, public policy makers, and consumers. An evaluation of the predictions of the health system and the identification of key challenges and what the stakeholders will play will need attention in the coming years. Grading Rubric for the Future of Health Care Delivery and Health Policy Again, drawing on information throughout the course, discuss how the U.S. health care system is evolving and the short- and long-term effects of forecasted changes. Describe the principal drivers of change that will take place in the health system over the next 10 years. What are some of your best ideas to improve quality and contain costs going forward?