Full article title: Promoting Sportsmanship in Youth Sports Name of journal: JO PERD Year: 2006 Volume: 77 Issue:7 Pages:18-24 Author(s): Jay D. Goldstein, Seppo E Iso-Ahola Identify the below information from reading your article. Respond to the below prompts in your own words. Purpose of research: This article provides theoretical and practical information about sportsmanship in youth sports. The authors first define the concept of sportsmanship and discuss how competition influences it; then, a brief overview of theoretical underpinnings of sportsmanship and relevant empirical findings from physical education and sport environments are provided. The article reviews two recent initiatives, from Australia and the United States, that were developed and implemented to deal with recent behavioral issues in sport. Number of participants N = Describe the participants (who were they?): Children ages 5-7, fourth through sixth graders, and high school level. Methods (what did the participants have to do?): 1. In a field experiment at a sports camp, they examined improvement in children’s moral reasoning, during a six week program. Children were randomly assigned to one of three groups (social learning, structural developmental, and no-treatment [rule compliance]) whose instruction centered on such themes as fairness, sharing, aggression, and justice. 2.In a public school physical education class, they examined he effects of an eight week structural developmental curriculum on life and sport moral reasoning. The experimental group discussed issues related to moral dilemmas, stressing the rights and responsibilities of the students in the group. 3.At the high school level, the curriculum used such techniques as team membership and leadership roles. It also aimed to teach conflict resolution skills, to create sense of community, and increase participation in various programs. Using a three-phase qualitative methodology. Results (what did they find?): 1. The results indicated that while there was no significant change in the control group from pre- to post- intervention, the moral reasoning in both experimental groups increased significantly. Thus, children as young as six and seven years of age were shown to benefit from moral development interventions. 2.The results indicated a significant improvement in both types of moral reasoning for experimental group, while the control group had a slight decline in their ability to morally reason. The post treatment measurements indicated that the experimental group scored higher in both types of moral reasoning and was observed exhibiting more prosocial and fewer antisocial behaviors than the control group. 3.The results showed an increase in students activity involvement, regardless of skill level, and positive social interactions that centered on themes of trust, responsibility, and respect. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that using the essence of fair play and incorporating moral development initiatives within the physical education setting can be beneficial to students, regardless of age. What do the results mean? How do the findings contribute to knowledge in the field? The results in this article show that the experiments involved were a success for youth athletes. They show and go into great detail on how we can show and incorporate these experiments to our youth, and introduce them to sportsmanship. Discussing moral dilemmas, the meaning of sportsmanship, and good and bad prosocial behaviors. Using the above information from your article (purpose, number/description of participants, methods, results, interpretation of results/discussion) provide a brief (100-200 word) summary of your article. You MUST include one or more in-text citations of your article in your summary. Also, Provide the full reference in APA format (follow the below format and sample) Format: Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy ( Note: this is a doi NOT simply a hyperlink) Sample: Baniya, S., & Weech, S. (2019). Data and experience design: Negotiating community-oriented digital research with service-learning. Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement, 6(1), 11–16. https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284316979 Reference: