InstructionBIO 260 Genetics Assignments Plan and implement a strategy necessary to determine if offspring follow true Mendelian ratios by collecting data, representing data using tables or graphs, interpreting, and statistically analyzing data. PROBLEM #1: You are doing a cross with Drosophila using the following two traits. Curly wings are dominant over straight wings, and round eyes are dominant over elliptical eyes. You cross a female fly that is known to be heterozygous for both genes with a male that is heterozygous for the wing gene but has elliptical eyes. This cross produces 74 flies with curly wings and round eyes, 61 with curly wings and elliptical eyes, 24 with straight wings and round eyes, and 21 with straight wing and elliptical eyes. Propose a hypothesis to explain the results. Calculate the expected phenotype ratios for this cross, and then statistically analyze the data to see if the observed data are consistent with the expected numbers. SOLUTION #1: Answer: C- = curly wings, cc = straight wings; R- = round eyes, rr = elliptical eyes The cross is CcRr x Ccrr. Calculate the expected probabilities with a forked line. The calculated chi-square value is: (74-67.5)2/67.5 + (61-67.5)2/67.5 + (24-22.5)2/22.5 + (21-22.5)2/22.5 = 1.45. For df = 3, the critical value is 7.815. 1.45 is less than 7.815, so we accept the tested hypothesis. PROBLEM #2 In the following hypothetical pedigree, there are two traits considered. One gene determines if a person is a vampire or not; the other gene determines if a person is a werewolf or not. The two genes sort independently. Study the diagram then answer the questions below. (HINT: Examine each trait separately when working out the genotypes.) (a) Is being a vampire due to a dominant or recessive allele? How can you tell? (b) Is being a werewolf due to a dominant or recessive allele? How can you tell? (c) Give the most likely genotypes for individuals I-2, II-3, and II-6. Use D and d for the alleles of the vampire gene and R and r for the alleles of the werewolf gene. SOLUTION: When examining this pedigree, you should consider the two genes separately. First, just see if an individual is a vampire or not (don't worry about whether they might be a werewolf). (a)Vampire is dominant. Look at the mating of II-3 and II-4. Both are vampires, but they have a normal (non-vampire) son. (b) Is being a werewolf due to a dominant or recessive allele? How can you tell? Answer: Now consider the werewolf trait, ignoring the vampire trait. Werewolf is recessive. Look at the mating of II-6 and II-7. Both are normal (non-werewolves), but they have a werewolf child. (c) Give the most likely genotypes for individuals I-2, II-3, and II-6. Use D and d for the alleles of the vampire gene and R and rfor the alleles of the werewolf gene. Answer: I-2 is DdRr, II-3 is DdRr, II-6 is ddRr