Assignment Introduction to Philosophy 1. Read Chapter 6 "Aristotle" 2. Read Chapter 8 "Anselm and Aquinas" 3.Watch Video "What is Human Nature?" https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BxeTjgod3jSSdV83bVc4QTEtRkU/view?usp=sharing 4. Watch Video "Does God Exist?" https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BxeTjgod3jSSRS16a1lES3c3bFU/view?usp=sharing 5. Complete A. Study Questions, B. Vocabulary, and C. Video Questions. Please note that the videos are in .mpg format. If the videos do not play on your computer you may have to try a different computer or download the video in order to watch. All technical issues with watching video should be directed to the Moravian Computer Helpdesk. It is the student's responsibility to make sure they are able to play the videos properly. Please do not wait until the last minute to watch the videos in case there is a problem. Thank you. Study Questions. Responses should be a few sentences to a small paragraph in length (3-5 sentences, be perspicuous). Use quotations from the book or paraphrase the book and cite the page number for your response. If the question asks for your personal opinion support your response with examples from the book. I have reformulated the questions where necessary, so please answer the questions as I have posed them. Chapter 6 What kind of thing is most real for Aristotle, contrasted with Plato? (136) Explain each of the four causes. (146) What is teleology? What is entelechy? How are Aristotle's forms both like and unlike Plato's forms? (146) Describe how Aristotle would use the concepts of form/matter and actuality/potentiality to apply to a frog (146) What is God, or what is God like, for Aristotle? What kind of cause is God? (151) Chapter 8 What phrase does Anselm use to designate God? Why? (215) How does Aquinas understand the relationship between human reason and divine revelation? (220) What phenomenon does Aquinas think Aristotle has overlooked? (220) Summarize each of Aquinas' 5 proofs for God's existence. A small paragraph for each is sufficient. (221-226) If you think Anselm's argument is faulty, write a brief explanation of what, exactly, is wrong with it (226). If you think it is correct, state why. Choose the Aquinas argument that you think is the strongest, paraphrase in your own words, and then see if you can locate any weakness in it. (227) Vocabulary. Vocabulary should come directly from the book and nowhere else. Your definition should be one or two sentences long, at most. Define the term using the book (some definitions simply require that you infer the meaning from the context in the book) and cite the page number from the place where you obtained the meaning of the definition (use book only!). Note bene: You MAY use the glossary if the term is found there, as some terms are not found there and some are. Please also note that you need not define all ten terms. You are allowed to pick a given number of terms per the instructions for the vocabulary for that week. After defining the term that you have chosen, use the term in an illustrative sentence using the context of the book. For example, "democracy" (page 64). Example: Democracy common people have a voice in government (page 40). "Athens wanted to maintain its new form of government, democracy, so they rebelled against the Persians in 499 B.C." (page40) Vocabulary for Week 2: Define and use in a sentence any ten terms of your choice. Five should be from Chapter 6 and five should be from Chapter 8. Logic (Chpt 6) terms (Chpt 6) statements (Chpt 6) categories (Chpt 6) syllogism (Chpt 6) induction (Chpt 6) teleology (Chpt 6) entelechy (Chpt 6) God (for Aristotle) (Chpt 6) Nous (Chpt 6) Ontological argument (Chpt 8) existence (Chpt 8) self-evident (Chpt 8) sufficiency (Chpt 8) possibility (Chpt 8) necessity (Chpt 8) goodness (Chpt 8) guidedness (Chpt 8) God (for Anselm) (Chpt 8) God (for Aquinas) (Chpt 8) C. Video Questions. There are two videos to watch, each approximately 30 minutes long. Please use the below to fill in the blanks. Each blank is one word or one phrase only. Identify and number your responses for each. You need not recopy the entire question. Questions for "What is Human Nature?" Video 1. In 4th century B.C. Athens, Plato tried to define the basic parts of human nature. Plato thinks that a human being is essentially a soul, so the body is something that the soul resides in. He considers the soul to be composed of three parts: the rational part, the spiritual part, and the appetitive part which gives us our basic appetites for food, sex, etc. Human excellence is to be achieved when three parts work together efficiently and cooperatively, and that can happen only when the __________________________________ is ruling the soul. 2. Platos student Aristotle agreed with Platos analysis of human nature. But he also took a broader view and asked how humans fit into nature as a whole. In Aristotles view everything has its own unique ______________________ or in the Greek word, telos. 3. Aristotle: What is this purpose? Our biological purpose we share in common even with plants. So these cannot be the purpose or function of man. So we are looking for something specific to man. The activities of the senses we plainly share with other things, horses, cattle, and other animals. So there remains only the activities that belong to the rational part of man. The specific purpose or function of man involves the activities of that part of the soul that belongs to ______________________. 4. No one portrays this war (between reason and ones unruly animal nature) more vividly, than the 4th century Church father, St. Augustine. And the writings of Plato influenced Christianity almost from the beginning. Aristotles writings were not translated into Latin and widely read until the 13th century. One of the first to pick up Aristotles ideas was St. Thomas Aquinas. For Aquinas, as for Aristotle, human nature is defined by our special purpose or goal. What Aquinas added to this picture that was not present in Aristotle is the notion that this goal was put there by a creator God. It was a God who makes things or designs things in such as way as to be orientated to the goals that it has. The goal orientated nature of all things is there because of the way in which God has ____________________________________________. 5.Before Darwin it was reasonable to believe that human beings were different from or set apart from the rest of creation. According to Darwin human beings are not created specially by God in His own image, human beings have evolved through the same processes that govern the rest of the biological world. Man is the rational animal. Darwin denied that. Yes human beings are rational, but so are other animals. The only difference is a matter of degree, not of ______________________. 6. Aristotle would say that telos comes first, it is the source and goal toward which all things strive, and after Darwin we say that the telos comes ______________________ (if at all) it is itself a creation of the evolutionary process (not of a creator God.) 7. Aristotle uses human nature in two senses, there is what we start from (our formal cause, what we are essentially) and what we end up with (our final cause, or our essential goal where were supposed to go.) For Aristotle, fulfilling these functions is ______________________, living and acting rationally is the fulfillment of human naturethe way humans are. Nature is the materials but nature is also what gives Form to the materials. Questions for "Does God Exist?" Video 1. What if we look for evidence of God in the physical world, what we can actually sense around us. In his Summa Theologica St. Thomas Aquinas offers 5 proofs for Gods existence. One proof, the cosmological proof, results from the study of the universe. It attempts to prove that there must be a first cause for the existence of the cosmos. Things dont just happen, there is always an explanation. If there were an ultimate explanation, for everything that comes about, then what you need is a Being which is not capable of coming into being, then that wont fall under the premise everything that comes into being ______________________________________________________. 2. Saint Thomas Aquinas: It is certain and evident to our senses that some things in the world around us are moving. Now, if something is moving it must have been moved by something else. But this cannot go onto infinity because then there would be no first mover. So, there must be a first mover that is not itself moved. And this first __________________________________________ is what we mean by God. 3. Back in the middle ages Thomas Aquinas said that if the universe began to exist that it would clearly point to a cause beyond itself which was responsible for ________________________________________________________. 4. The big bang theory can fuel both sides of the debate. But what if we look not at how the universe first started, but at the structure of the world. The Greek work for purpose is telos. The teleological or _______________________________ argument proposes that the intricate order of the cosmos shows that a God designed it with a purpose in mind. 5. The analogy is that a watch with all of its intricate gears and mechanisms could not come to be without a watchmaker neither could such a highly ordered and purposeful world of nature exist without a _______________________________. 6.Darwins theory of evolution contends that through a process of natural selection organisms that can adapt survive and the rest perish. What was previously thought to be the work of a supreme being was now an _______________________________________________. 7. The image of a God, a supreme being who not only crafts fragile desert flowers but humans who can create poetry, is often at odds with the world we experience everyday. How can ______________________ exist in a world where an all perfect powerful being also resides? 8. Its not so much the philosophers arguments I find compelling, but just the existential response to it all. When I think of the incredibly rich complexity of things the incredibly complicated workings of the things and then the massiveness of all of it I find it impossible not to believe that it was God who brought this all. I can try as a philosopher to articulate that carefully in terms of arguments and premises, but it doesnt arise for me like that. Its an existential response to the _______________________________________________.

Assignment Introduction to Philosophy 1. Read Chapter 6 "Aristotle" 2. Read Chapter 8 "Anselm and Aquinas" 3.Watch Video "What is Human Nature?" https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BxeTjgod3jSSdV83bVc4QTEtRkU/view?usp=sharing 4. Watch Video "Does God Exist?" https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BxeTjgod3jSSRS16a1lES3c3bFU/view?usp=sharing 5. Complete A. Study Questions, B. Vocabulary, and C. Video Questions. Please note that the videos are in .mpg format. If the videos do not play on your computer you may have to try a different computer or download the video in order to watch. All technical issues with watching video should be directed to the Moravian Computer Helpdesk. It is the student's responsibility to make sure they are able to play the videos properly. Please do not wait until the last minute to watch the videos in case there is a problem. Thank you. Study Questions. Responses should be a few sentences to a small paragraph in length (3-5 sentences, be perspicuous). Use quotations from the book or paraphrase the book and cite the page number for your response. If the question asks for your personal opinion support your response with examples from the book. I have reformulated the questions where necessary, so please answer the questions as I have posed them. Chapter 6 What kind of thing is most real for Aristotle, contrasted with Plato? (136) Explain each of the four causes. (146) What is teleology? What is entelechy? How are Aristotle's forms both like and unlike Plato's forms? (146) Describe how Aristotle would use the concepts of form/matter and actuality/potentiality to apply to a frog (146) What is God, or what is God like, for Aristotle? What kind of cause is God? (151) Chapter 8 What phrase does Anselm use to designate God? Why? (215) How does Aquinas understand the relationship between human reason and divine revelation? (220) What phenomenon does Aquinas think Aristotle has overlooked? (220) Summarize each of Aquinas' 5 proofs for God's existence. A small paragraph for each is sufficient. (221-226) If you think Anselm's argument is faulty, write a brief explanation of what, exactly, is wrong with it (226). If you think it is correct, state why. Choose the Aquinas argument that you think is the strongest, paraphrase in your own words, and then see if you can locate any weakness in it. (227) Vocabulary. Vocabulary should come directly from the book and nowhere else. Your definition should be one or two sentences long, at most. Define the term using the book (some definitions simply require that you infer the meaning from the context in the book) and cite the page number from the place where you obtained the meaning of the definition (use book only!). Note bene: You MAY use the glossary if the term is found there, as some terms are not found there and some are. Please also note that you need not define all ten terms. You are allowed to pick a given number of terms per the instructions for the vocabulary for that week. After defining the term that you have chosen, use the term in an illustrative sentence using the context of the book. For example, "democracy" (page 64). Example: Democracy common people have a voice in government (page 40). "Athens wanted to maintain its new form of government, democracy, so they rebelled against the Persians in 499 B.C." (page40) Vocabulary for Week 2: Define and use in a sentence any ten terms of your choice. Five should be from Chapter 6 and five should be from Chapter 8. Logic (Chpt 6) terms (Chpt 6) statements (Chpt 6) categories (Chpt 6) syllogism (Chpt 6) induction (Chpt 6) teleology (Chpt 6) entelechy (Chpt 6) God (for Aristotle) (Chpt 6) Nous (Chpt 6) Ontological argument (Chpt 8) existence (Chpt 8) self-evident (Chpt 8) sufficiency (Chpt 8) possibility (Chpt 8) necessity (Chpt 8) goodness (Chpt 8) guidedness (Chpt 8) God (for Anselm) (Chpt 8) God (for Aquinas) (Chpt 8) C. Video Questions. There are two videos to watch, each approximately 30 minutes long. Please use the below to fill in the blanks. Each blank is one word or one phrase only. Identify and number your responses for each. You need not recopy the entire question. Questions for "What is Human Nature?" Video 1. In 4th century B.C. Athens, Plato tried to define the basic parts of human nature. Plato thinks that a human being is essentially a soul, so the body is something that the soul resides in. He considers the soul to be composed of three parts: the rational part, the spiritual part, and the appetitive part which gives us our basic appetites for food, sex, etc. Human excellence is to be achieved when three parts work together efficiently and cooperatively, and that can happen only when the __________________________________ is ruling the soul. 2. Platos student Aristotle agreed with Platos analysis of human nature. But he also took a broader view and asked how humans fit into nature as a whole. In Aristotles view everything has its own unique ______________________ or in the Greek word, telos. 3. Aristotle: What is this purpose? Our biological purpose we share in common even with plants. So these cannot be the purpose or function of man. So we are looking for something specific to man. The activities of the senses we plainly share with other things, horses, cattle, and other animals. So there remains only the activities that belong to the rational part of man. The specific purpose or function of man involves the activities of that part of the soul that belongs to ______________________. 4. No one portrays this war (between reason and ones unruly animal nature) more vividly, than the 4th century Church father, St. Augustine. And the writings of Plato influenced Christianity almost from the beginning. Aristotles writings were not translated into Latin and widely read until the 13th century. One of the first to pick up Aristotles ideas was St. Thomas Aquinas. For Aquinas, as for Aristotle, human nature is defined by our special purpose or goal. What Aquinas added to this picture that was not present in Aristotle is the notion that this goal was put there by a creator God. It was a God who makes things or designs things in such as way as to be orientated to the goals that it has. The goal orientated nature of all things is there because of the way in which God has ____________________________________________. 5.Before Darwin it was reasonable to believe that human beings were different from or set apart from the rest of creation. According to Darwin human beings are not created specially by God in His own image, human beings have evolved through the same processes that govern the rest of the biological world. Man is the rational animal. Darwin denied that. Yes human beings are rational, but so are other animals. The only difference is a matter of degree, not of ______________________. 6. Aristotle would say that telos comes first, it is the source and goal toward which all things strive, and after Darwin we say that the telos comes ______________________ (if at all) it is itself a creation of the evolutionary process (not of a creator God.) 7. Aristotle uses human nature in two senses, there is what we start from (our formal cause, what we are essentially) and what we end up with (our final cause, or our essential goal where were supposed to go.) For Aristotle, fulfilling these functions is ______________________, living and acting rationally is the fulfillment of human naturethe way humans are. Nature is the materials but nature is also what gives Form to the materials. Questions for "Does God Exist?" Video 1. What if we look for evidence of God in the physical world, what we can actually sense around us. In his Summa Theologica St. Thomas Aquinas offers 5 proofs for Gods existence. One proof, the cosmological proof, results from the study of the universe. It attempts to prove that there must be a first cause for the existence of the cosmos. Things dont just happen, there is always an explanation. If there were an ultimate explanation, for everything that comes about, then what you need is a Being which is not capable of coming into being, then that wont fall under the premise everything that comes into being ______________________________________________________. 2. Saint Thomas Aquinas: It is certain and evident to our senses that some things in the world around us are moving. Now, if something is moving it must have been moved by something else. But this cannot go onto infinity because then there would be no first mover. So, there must be a first mover that is not itself moved. And this first __________________________________________ is what we mean by God. 3. Back in the middle ages Thomas Aquinas said that if the universe began to exist that it would clearly point to a cause beyond itself which was responsible for ________________________________________________________. 4. The big bang theory can fuel both sides of the debate. But what if we look not at how the universe first started, but at the structure of the world. The Greek work for purpose is telos. The teleological or _______________________________ argument proposes that the intricate order of the cosmos shows that a God designed it with a purpose in mind. 5. The analogy is that a watch with all of its intricate gears and mechanisms could not come to be without a watchmaker neither could such a highly ordered and purposeful world of nature exist without a _______________________________. 6.Darwins theory of evolution contends that through a process of natural selection organisms that can adapt survive and the rest perish. What was previously thought to be the work of a supreme being was now an _______________________________________________. 7. The image of a God, a supreme being who not only crafts fragile desert flowers but humans who can create poetry, is often at odds with the world we experience everyday. How can ______________________ exist in a world where an all perfect powerful being also resides? 8. Its not so much the philosophers arguments I find compelling, but just the existential response to it all. When I think of the incredibly rich complexity of things the incredibly complicated workings of the things and then the massiveness of all of it I find it impossible not to believe that it was God who brought this all. I can try as a philosopher to articulate that carefully in terms of arguments and premises, but it doesnt arise for me like that. Its an existential response to the _______________________________________________.