Instruction
Presentation of group of 3 people, I need you to do just my part which is 7 minutes because the presentation is about 20 minutes so each member needs to present about 7 minutes DO ONLY HASSAN PART.
Guatemala Syphilis Experiment
Introduction - Zahra
What is the Guatemala Syphilis Experiment?
Background information
Lead by John Cutler from 1946 to 1948 [1][4]
Design based on Terre Haute prison experiments [4]
Explain goals of experiment/hypothesis
Finding treatments for soldiers infected during WW2 [4]
Finding preventative measures for STDs [2]
Evaluating the effectiveness of medications vs. STDs [1][2]
Explain the methodology
Infection of sex workers [1][2]
Injected through cervix [4]
Sex with prisoners to expose them [4]
Direct inoculation of soldiers/prisoners [1][2]
Partial or non-treatment of the infected [1][3]
Serology testing - some intentionally infected [4]
Sample size of 5,128 - only about 820 were treated [4]
Present the ethical issue(s)/considerations
Largely unknown in US medical history until early 2000s [1][4]
Use of vulnerable populations [1][3]
Deception/Lack of informed consent [1][2][3]
Articles/journals for - Hassan
Discuss necessity of experiment
Penicillin previously shown to be effective [2][3][4]
Long term benefit needed evaluation [2][4]
Prophylactic potential of orvus-mapharsen [2][4], calomel, silver proteinate [2]
Benefits may outweigh ethical dilemma
Over 1.5 million reported cases of chlamydia in 2015 [9]
Cures and preventative measures are available
Almost 400,000 new cases of gonorrhea in 2015 [8]
Almost 24,000 new cases of syphilis in 2015 [9]
If curative/preventative properties were confirmed, these STDs could potentially be wiped out
Articles/journals against - Austin
Explain informed consent/importance
Define informed consent [5]
Subjects not informed [1][2][3][4]
Subjects used against their will [2]
Explain issues with vulnerable populations
Define vulnerable populations [6]
Sex workers [1][2][3][4]
Soldiers [1][2][3][4]
Prison inmates [1][2][3][4]
Psychiatric patients [1][2][3][4]
Children [2][4]
References (to be fixed later)
https://www.hhs.gov/1946inoculationstudy/factsheet.html
http://bioethics.gov/sites/default/files/Ethically-Impossible_PCSBI.pdf
https://www.hhs.gov/1946inoculationstudy/findings.html
https://www.britannica.com/event/Guatemala-syphilis-experiment
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/informed%20consent
https://irb.unca.edu/vulnerable-populations
https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats15/gonorrhea.htm
https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats15/syphilis.htm
https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats15/chlamydia.htm