Instruction
A good explication will answer the following questions:
1. What is happening here?
Name the work and the author; identify the speaker and/or characters involved; briefly explain the context of the passage (where it occurs in the work, and any important incidents associated with it) and the claim that you will make about them.
2. How, specifically, is it being represented?
Assert an argument about how the passage illustrates the novel’s attitude toward or stance on a specific issue. Support this argument by pointing to literary characteristics (sentence structure, figurative language, imagery, tone, plot, word choice) that explain the meanings of the passage and/or the work as a whole. Be specific. Refer to (and quote) specific words and phrases.
3. What significance do those representational choices have for the work/passage in question?
Support your argument by explaining how the passage is significant in relation to the whole work.
A good explication will NOT
Merely summarize or paraphrase the passage.
Cover everything or list all that you’ve found—you will usually have to focus on a few significant details in order to write in paragraph form. Focus on the specifics that support your argument. Have a point.
To give you an idea of what an explication looks like, check out this example of an explication of a passage from chapter X of Ragged Dick (pages 66-67; beginning of chapter X) HERE. Note, though, that this explication doesn’t really answer the “what is going on here?” question.
HELPFUL RESOURCES (CLICK SITE TITLES FOR LINKS)
What Is an Explication?
You’ll find a lot of what I discuss above came from this website. It also discusses “steps to a successful explication” and has another sample explication for you to review–this one of a short passage from Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlett Letter. It provides two responses, both with an instructor critique.
How to Write an Explication Essay
Provides a breakdown of literary analysis terms you might look at in an explication–some, like rhythm and beat, apply more to poetry than fiction and may not be as helpful but are still worth considering.