After reading the article on “Design principles for new systems of assessment” by Shepard, Penuel, and Davidson (2017), please address the following: The Every Student Succeeds Act grants states new flexibility to create more balanced assessment systems with a greater role for formative assessment. Drawing on lessons learned over three decades of research and reform, authors argue that state and local leaders should take the lead in designing new assessments guided by two core principles: First, make assessments coherent with rich curriculum and instruction; second, ground this integration of curriculum, instruction, and embedded assessments in equity-focused research on learning..